近年來，全球氣候異常，各地災難頻傳，使得人們開始重視環保與節能減碳的議題。根據世界經濟論壇(UNWTO, 2007)的報告指出，旅遊業碳排放佔世界總量的5%到12%，由此可見傳統旅遊業已不再適用於「無煙囪工業」的稱號，因此節能減碳的風潮也引進了旅遊產業。低碳旅遊不只強調在旅遊過程中盡可能的減少碳排放，更著重利用碳抵銷的概念，來中和在旅遊過程中的碳足跡。本研究以計畫行為理論為基礎，整合個人規範、自我認同與個人過去的生活碳行為，建構低碳旅遊行為模式，並加入結構性障礙作為區隔旅客的變數，探討台灣旅客的低碳旅遊行為。
本研究以參加台北、台中、台南或高雄春季旅展的受訪者為主要研究對象，有效問卷461份，資料分析方法採用結構方程模式，研究主要結論如下：一、個人對於低碳旅遊的意願，受到個人道德規範的驅使而不是受到外在壓力團體的影響；二、當旅客自認為自己為環保人士，產生出在旅遊過程中減少碳排放是一種義務，並感受到低碳旅遊為一種美好的旅遊體驗與型態，進而產生低碳旅遊意圖與最終的行為表現；三、低旅遊障礙群組在低碳旅遊的決策行為較傾向於理性，從事低碳旅遊行為的意圖與行為的可能性也較高；而高旅遊障礙群組除了受到理性因子的影響外，亦受到過去生活習慣的慣性因子所影響；四、結構性旅遊障礙為驅使旅客是否從事低碳旅遊最重要的因子，並且對低碳旅遊意圖與行為的關係產生干擾效果，顯示出不論結構性旅遊障礙的高低，其低碳旅遊行為會隨著低碳旅遊意圖提高而增加，此現象尤其在結構性旅遊障礙程度高的群組更加明顯。

Tourism sectors accounted for 5% to 12 % of the total world amount of CO2 (UNWTO, 2007). Therefore they have a responsibility to minimize any adverse impact on the environment. Low-carbon tourism has emerged as a new travel concept that aims at not only minimizing CO2 emission occurring during travel but also emphasizing the use of carbon offsetting to neutralize the carbon footprint involved in travel. We proposed an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model by integrating personal norm, self-identity, past carbon-related behavior and structural constraints to investigate low-carbon tourism behavior.
A questionnaire was distributed to visitors attending travel exhibitions in Taiwan by means of a convenience sampling approach. After analyzing 461 valid samples with Structural Equations Modeling, the following results could be drawn. First, the intention of visitors to reduce CO2 during travel was driven by obligations rather by social pressure. Second, when the public regarded themselves as environmentalists, this thereby produced a set of values and norms associated with low-carbon tourism behavior, and they felt personally obligated to engage in low-carbon tourism, felt it was desirable and with to ultimately perform it. Third, compared to the low structural constraint group, the high constraints group was more likely to perform low-carbon tourism behavior through not only a rational evaluation process but also by habit. Last, it was found that structural constraints affect the intention-behavior consistency of tourists; when the high constraints group had a high tendency toward low-carbon tourism, they overcame the problem of structural constraints and exhibited low-carbon tourism behavior.

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