| 研究生: |
姜寧順 CHIANG, NING-SHUN |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
我國公務人員考績制度改革研究-以臺南市政府所屬機關為例 Study on Performance Assessment System Reforming of Government Servants -Taking Tainan City Government Agency as Example |
| 指導教授: |
丁仁方
DING, REN-FANG |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 政治經濟研究所碩士在職專班 Graduate Institute of Political Economy(on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2011 |
| 畢業學年度: | 100 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 232 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 績效衡量 、績效評估 、績效監控 、考績制度 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | performance measurement, performance evaluation, performance monitoring, Performance assessment system |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:200 下載:6 |
| 分享至: |
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從考績功能分析固可提振公務人員工作士氣、強化主管領導權,進而提高工作效能及效率。但實務上郁於我國行政組織文化較注重人情主義所產生形式主義問題,造成未能公平公正覈實考評;又近年來考績甲等比例逐年攀高,至民國八十九年已達86.71﹪之高比例現象,雖然從民國九十年起行政院輔以行政命令規範考核甲等及乙等比例,最高不得逾百分之七十五,時至98年已降佔考績總人數平均比例為75.05%人數,因其欠缺法律依據,遭受到公務人員質疑其合法性及合理性,故首先須將考核比例法制化,已列入本次考績修正案修正重點,然而考核比例設置僅能治標而無法治本問題尚待研擬討論修正。其次,考績制度另一個問題是無法與工作績效相結合;最後考核結果無法落實平時考核工作及考核結果為何會發生偏誤等仍存在著諸多問題尚待解決,本文亦將一並予以探討。
本研究係以台南市政府之公務人員進行問卷調查,合計共發出問卷1605份,並請各機關人事人員協助填答者逕行寄回,為提高問卷填答率及避免答案內容失真情形產生;經彙整寄回之問卷,總計回收460份,回收率大約有百分28.6,有效問卷數為375 份,經以Excel作統計資料分析,輔以檔案資料分析方式以避免母體樣本不足情形,然而本研究係就其考績獎懲制度之學理、先進國家之作法及問卷調查之實證結果整理其研究發現,並提出研究建議,以解決現行考績制度所產生之缺失。而研究發現方面計有:考績作業無法公正執行情形比例相當高,及對主管考核能力須對主管施予考績訓練;甲等人數比例限制問題,對於考績制度未能發揮應有救濟功能;考績獎懲制度無法反映個人工作績效;現行考核項目缺乏彈性;公務人員不支持績效考核等項。而考試院研修建議方面計有:一、國家競爭力與行政績效關聯性;二、平時考核項目修正為以工作績效(70%)及工作態度(30%)之百分比比例;三、考績等級用語修正;四、考績考列等次增列優等其比例應多少比較合理;五、考績考列等次甲等以上人數比例修正;六、公務人員年終考績須有考列甲等二次條件,取得升任高一職等資格;七、區分各官等主管、非主管考列甲等乙等人數比例上限;八、考績考列等次丙等以上人數比例為3%為上限是否合理;九、因績效欠佳考列丙等而降級改敘、減俸、辦理資遣或退休;十、落實績效管理的內涵:1、績效目標的設定應兼顧量化與質化;2、績效評核指標應符合信度與效度要求;十一、考績評鑑方式現行制度僅具有單向考核應增加双向評估方式;根據考試院統計資料得知每年考列丙等及丁等比例合計約1%,或該年度考列丙等及丁等比例合計為零,顯示全國公務人員均能符合人民及政府期望。
本文所作之政策建議,或有部分見解歷經先進學者與實務界之前仆後繼,持續不斷的呼籲與建言,但筆者仍期望透過本文的發表,且時值立法院於九十九年公務人員考績法修正案審議之際,而其中部分修正內容草案部分內容具有爭議能妥善處理,又適經本文佐以理論與實證研究調查之補強與驗證,所以期望立法院能於下個會期能三讀修正通過實施,以改進現行公務人員考績制度之諸多缺失。倘本文能作為我國公務人員考績法修正案草案通過之關鍵改革臨門一腳,則將是本文發表之最重大意涵!
Functional analysis of performance assessment may help to boost the morale of government servants, strengthening leadership and thus improving the effectiveness and efficiency. However, in reality, our administrative organization culture focuses more on human doctrine which results formalism problem, causing unjustified and unfair assessment. Recently A-class performance assessment has been steadily increasing year by year and reached high as 86.71% in the year 2000. Although after the Executive Yuan standardized A and B-class performance assessment ratio to maximum of 75% with executive order in 2001, the overall average ratio has dropped to 75.05% by the year 2009, however, due to lack of legal evidence, legality and legitimacy have always been questioned by government servants. Therefore, the initial priority is to systematize assessment ratio, which has been listed as key point for this assessment amendment. However,systematizing assessment ratio could only solve problem temporally but not solving the root cause of problem, which shall be discussed later for modification. Secondly, the other problem of performance assessment system is that it cannot be combined with job performance. Many problems such as final assessment results are not consistent with results of regular assessments, and why bias still exists in assessment result, are still waiting to be solved, which will be gradually discussed in this paper.
This study conducts survey for government servants of Tainan City government, total of 1605 questionnaires were issued, HR staff of all agencies have been requested to assist fillers to send back to improve questionnaire filling rate and avoid distortion on answers. Total of 460 questionnaires were recovered with return rate around 28.6%, 375 questionnaires were confirmed to be valid. Excel has been used to do statistical data analysis along with file data analysis to avoid insufficient sampling problem. This study integrates the theory of performance system on rewards and penalty, practice of advanced countries and results from questionnaire survey to make research recommendations for solving problems generated by the current performance assessment system, Some research findings have been listed as follows: high percentage of unfair performance appraisals; managers should receive the appraisal training to improve their assessment capabilities; the strict quota of rating “A” hinders the appeal function in the performance appraisal system; the appraisal system used for reward and punishment does not reflect individual’s work performance; lack of flexibility in the existing appraisal criteria; The government employees do not support the performance appraisal.
Some changes suggested by the Examination Yuan have been listed as follows:
1. Consider the correlation between administrative performance and national competitiveness.
2. The general appraisal criteria should be revised to 70% for work performance and 30% for attitude toward work.
3. Revise the terminologies of appraisal rating.
4. Decide the reasonable percentage of newly added appraisal rating “A+”.
5. Revise the percentage of appraisal rating “A” or above.
6. Two times of year-end performance appraisal rating “A” is required to qualify for one level of promotion.
7. Set the restrict quota of rating “A” and rating “B” for supervisory and non-managerial employees in each position accordingly.
8. Reconsider weather it was reasonable to set the restrict quota of rating “C” or above to 3%.
9. The appraisal rating “C” due to poor performance should result in demotion, salary reduction, layoff or compulsory retirement.
10. Enforce the performance management with the following approaches: (a) the performance goals should be set by both qualitative and quantitative measurements; (b) the performance appraisal index must be reliable and valid.
11. The existing one-way performance appraisal process should be improved by two-way appraisal process.
According to the statistics from the Examination Yuan, having approximately total 1% of rating “C” and “D” every year or the absence of both rating “C” and “D” in that year, it showed that all government employees in the country have met the expectations of the citizens and the government.
Some portion of the policy recommendation from this paper may be viewed from continuous appeals and suggestions of other advanced scholars and experienced practitioners, but I still wish that through the publication of this paper, Legislative Yuan could pass the amendment through Third Reading in the next session to improve numerous problems of current performance assessment for government servants as this is about time for Legislative Yuan to review 2010 performance assessment amendment of government servants, controversy of partial amendments and draft amendments should be handled properly, and the data has been reinforced and verified by theoretical and empirical research of this paper. If this paper could serve as the final missing puzzle of performance assessment amendment of government servants, it would be the most significant implication of this publication.
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