在漢語形名結構中，似乎有限制或規則支配著形容詞與名詞的黏合。例如，一些形名結構展現出一種語意上相互選擇的關係。此外在漢語中，有些形容詞可以直接修飾名詞，而有些則需要「的」的輔助。在句法上，過去的學者看法不一。有些將其視為「詞」(word/ compound)，有些則視為「短語」(phrase)。而這些意見分歧來自於一些句法測試，包含回指(anaphoric reference)、並列縮寫結構(conjunction reduction)、短語延伸(phrasal extension)和形容詞語序限制(adjective ordering restriction)。因此，本文旨在探討形名結構形成的背後是否有特定的限制或規則，並重新檢視這四項句法測試。本文發現在一些形名結構中，形容詞是用於強調名詞的語意本質，因此，如果形容詞與名詞存在著語意衝突，則「的」是必須的。有些形容詞不能直接修飾名詞的原因，本文認為可能是為了避免同音異義字，或者是該形容詞作定語時有其他功能。 在回指測試中，形名結構展現出同短語的回指現象而被視為短語。然而，這些看似回指的句子並未回指至先行詞，而是語用因素使其合乎語法。在並列縮寫結構測試上，並非只有短語並列時才能產生並列縮寫結構，當短語與詞並列時，也能產生並列縮寫結構。在短語延伸中，短語與詞在結構上展現出明顯的不同，前者能插入「的」、被否定詞「不」或程度副詞修飾，也能插入量詞或指示詞，而這些延伸都不適用於後者。形容詞語序限制無法有效區分形名結構是詞還是短語，但採用馮勝利(2001)句法詞與詞彙詞的區分，可以發現有些看似遵守形容詞語序限制的形名結構，在結構上有些不同。

It seems that the formation of adjective noun structures (A N) in Mandarin is governed by some constraints or rules. For example, some A N demonstrate that A and N co-select each other semantically. Furthermore, some adjectives in Mandarin can directly modify nouns, while some require a modification marker de. Syntactically, the status of A N has been a controversial issue, due to its being analyzed as a compound (word) or a phrase, whether the controversy results from different interpretations of syntactic tests, such as the anaphoric reference test, conjunction reduction, phrasal extension, and adjective ordering restriction (AOR). Therefore, we attempted to find out find out why in Mandarin some adjectives are available for direct modifications, while some are not, and if there are any constraints or rules behind the adjective-noun combinations, as well as to reexamine the status of (A N) by applying the four syntactic tests referenced above. The results show that A in some A N emphasize the inherent property of N. When there is a contradiction between the inherent property of the noun and the usual modifications of the adjectives, de is obligatory in that this semantically contradictory modifications can only occur by giving comparative readings. We also assume that the reason why some adjectives cannot directly modify nouns is because the adjectives have another functions or meanings in prenominal positions or to avoid creating homophones to the existing words. Therefore, the direct modification in certain A N combinations is blocked. An anaphoric reference test shows that sentences with A N seem to be able to refer back to the same nominal antecedent, which leads to a false assumption that A N structures that can be anaphoric are phrases. What makes sentences with A N grammatical as an anaphoric reference should be attributed to pragmatic factors. Conjunction reduction is possible in situations where one conjunct is a phrase, and the other is a compound. However, any violation of lexical integrity is not allowed, which suggests that A N should be treated as words. The phrasal extension test shows a clear contrast between A de N phrases and A N structures. The former allows de-insertion, negation, adverbial modification, and XP substitution while the latter cannot undergo any extensions. The AOR test cannot distinguish words from phrases but it further supports Feng’s (2001) distinctions between morphological words and syntactical words. Moreover, simply using AOR to examine the status of A N is not proper in that A A N structures that follow AOR can also be explained in terms of lexical integrity, and there are some structural differences in A A N structures.

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