本研究最主要的目的，在於分析汽車低速後撞過程中，乘員頭頸部的動力學反應與傷害分析，探討車輛對乘員安全的保護能力，保障現代行車安全。在後撞過程中，乘員頸椎的活動可分為爬升、鞭甩與回彈三個時期，此三階段中人體頭頸部會前後擺動，導致頸椎產生S形變化，並造成頸椎鞭甩傷害，這種傷害最常見於低速後撞中，雖然並不致命，但其潛伏期長、併發症多，耗費個人及社會成本甚鉅，因此各界相關研究開始注意低速後撞引起的頸椎鞭甩傷害。

　　本研究使用多體動力碰撞模擬軟體作為求解工具，採用50th男性人偶為模擬依據，透過椎塊等效分段與頸部軟組織如韌帶與肌肉的建立，此人偶具備了更具生物真實性的人體頸椎模型，並將模擬結果與真人後撞試驗相比較來進行驗證，確保了此碰撞模型能精確表現後撞時人體頸椎的運動，更進一步的藉由此模型來研究保護頸椎免受鞭甩傷害的機制，亦卽本研究的目的之一。

　　為了降低頸椎鞭甩傷害，汽車安全座椅扮演了重要的角色。研究指出，座椅與頭靠枕的設計能夠有效降低頸椎鞭甩傷害。本研究利用此新型的頭頸模型，設定了兩階段的模擬，針對如何降低頸椎鞭甩傷害提出模擬分析與探討。第一階段比較10°與26°椅背旋轉角座椅，討論椅背旋轉角與頸椎鞭甩傷害的關係。第二階段比較標準座椅與加入安全設計概念的改良式座椅，改良式座椅的原理來自椅背與座墊及頭靠枕的相對移動。最後並藉由頸椎傷害量化指標來作為評斷兩階段模擬討論中頸椎鞭甩傷害程度的依據。

　　文末歸納了本研究的討論與結論，並提出合理的安全座椅設計概念建議以供日後相關研究發展，希望能夠讓汽車座椅提供成員更多的保護，以降低後撞產生的頸椎鞭甩傷害。

　The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the dynamic responses of the occupant head-neck system and study the possible injuries due to low-energy vehicle rear impact. During the vehicle rear impact, the neck of occupant normally reacts in three phases – ramping, whiplash, and rebounding. The three-phase motion pushes the human head-neck moving reward and forward. It develops the swiftness between cervical vertebrae or so-called “S-shape” phenomenon. It commonly believed that the “S-shape” phenomenon during rear impact causes the possibility of the whiplash injury mechanism. Among the car safety problems due to rear impact, the whiplash injury places on one of the top ranks. Although this kind of injury normally will not lead to fatality, its effect could be painful and long-term, As a result, it might have a serious implication for society. Therefore, it is of interest to understand the neck whiplash injury caused by low-energy rear impact.

　This research employs the multi-body dynamics as a basis of simulation. Beforehand, the 50th percentile male model with more biofidelic neck has to be established. This new neck model includes the properties of multi-vertebra and the effect of soft tissue such as ligament and muscle. For validation, results from volunteer experiments will be used. Based on this new model, the further applications, such as the methods to protect the form injury, can be employed. It is also one of goals of this thesis.

　The automotive seat plays a key role to prevent the neck whiplash injury. Usually, a proper design in seat and head restraint system could reduce the whiplash injury significantly. In order to reduce the whiplash injury by using the protection of the seat and head restraint system, two simulations were performed by using this newly developed head-neck model in this study. The first simulation is to study the correlation with neck whiplash injury and seatback inclined angle. In the simulation, the 10° and 26° seatback angles are set to be compared. The second simulation is used to validate an improved concept seat design. The concept seat is based on the relative motion between seatback, head restrain and seat cushion. In addition, the well-known injury criterion is studied and utilized to determine the possibility of neck whiplash injury.

　Finally, the discussion and summary for this study are presented. Furthermore, some suggestions and design concepts for automotive seat to decrease the neck whiplash injury are provided in the thesis.

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