隨著網際網路的成長，網際網路已成為一般大眾生活不可分的一部分，各式多媒體應用服務越趨向多樣化，使得目前網際網路所採用的盡力服務(best effort)已經不能滿足這樣多變化的需求。因此，IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force) 提出以類別為區分的差異式服務網路(differentiated service network, DiffServ)架構來提供網路品質保證。
在多元網路服務下，給予使用者多選擇的空間和生活或工作上的便利，但也衍生出許多網路頻寬管理的問題。因此學者們認為定價機制是一個適當的行為管理工具，可以用來管理網路壅塞的程度、刺激網路使用率的成長和公平地配置資源給使用者等。目前有許多學者在探討關於網路計價(Internet pricing)的議題，並針對不同的目標提出不同的定價策略，透過個體經濟中的價量關係調整使用者的行為，使網路提供者的收入最大化。在網路頻寬的服務中，學者認為影響收入最主要的因素為價錢和品質，但極少考慮到使用者對品質與價格的回應，因此本研究以網路提供者的角度，加入使用者主動回應需求，來探討當要達到預期的收入時，不同的定價策略，如何透過定價、品質與使用者需求之間相互影響的關係下，對收入產生影響並找出一個對長期營收最佳的定價機制。
本研究利用NS-2網路模擬軟體，模擬一個具有動態流量變化之差異式服務的網路環境，並使用品質-需求-價格的使用者回應機制，在不同初始負載量下，分析三種定價機制下，各期的需求變化與收入、頻寬利用率、價格變動幅度、負載量以及頻寬配置的公平性模擬結果發現壅塞性定價策略與單一制定價的平均頻寬利用率較高，而二部制定價策略，會因其對使用不足和超過頻寬的使用者均有懲罰的機制，因而使得每期價格變動最高，亦此導致使用者的需求減低。本研究實驗也發現三種定價策略下，皆有較低服務等級會搶占高服務等級的頻寬資源的情形發生，使得公平性減低。在壅塞性定價策略下，透過使用者回應的模式，網路負載量與收入會呈現凹曲線(concave curve)的關係。因此在相同網路頻寬的產能下，ISP業者若採用壅塞性定價策略，可使用超賣的商業策略行為來增加收入，以達到長期營收最佳化的目標。

The network applications and network users are rising and flourishing, and connecting to the internet is a part of our life today. The internet is being used by business and user communities with diversified quality of service expectations (QoS), leading to applications with different QoS levels requirements. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has proposed differentiated service (DiffServ) to provide class-based QoS in IP-based networks for traffic management.
Multiple-service network is a single network that can support a variety of applications and services. However without an appropriate mechanism to encourage end users to use the network properly, over-utilization and congestion are unavoidable. For this problem, it is widely accepted that pricing is a proper tool to manage congestion, encourage network growth and allocation resource to users in a fair manner. Most researches borrowed utility functions, game theory and other concepts from microeconomics to adjust user’s behavior by applying pricing mechanisms and to maximize the Internet service provider’s (ISP) revenue. In the Multiple-service network, the majority of research on revenue management aims at maximizing income through the optimization of services availability and price, little is known about effects of the feedback of quality and price of the users. Therefore, this thesis tries to consider it from both the ISP's point of view and user’s response to study feasibility of long-term revenue optimization under quality feedback consideration and pricing mechanism.
NS-2 is used to simulate a congested DiffServ network with dynamic flow and user feedback on quality, price and demand under three different pricing schemes. Simulation results show that congestion pricing display a better performance in the aspects of utilization, price variance, offered load and fair resource allocation. The congestion pricing policy with the feedback mechanism also demonstrates a concave curve relationship exists between revenue and offered load. It is expected that a long-term revenue maximization is accomplishable under the suggested scheme.

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