本研究從交易成本的觀點探討台灣汽車產業在其價值鏈與供應鏈體系中運作情形，整合企業內部與外部資源，透過採購策略面思考，降低整體供應鏈流程所產生的交易成本。在研究方法中採用系統動態方法，提供一個全面性的思考觀點，評估在綠色供應鏈的要求、產業垂直整合的趨勢與不同採購策略考量下，各構面間可能產生的關聯與影響。盼能在全球經濟的架構下，以系統性的思考對汽車產業發展作質性分析，並提供策略建議以降低整體供應鏈中額外產生的交易成本。
在模型驗證部份，則利用Probit模型來驗證系統動態方法所產生指標之效率與效能。由於汽車產業的產品製程涉及上中下游相互密切關係，在使用系統動態分析方法，探討產業垂直整合的動因與分析時，發現垂直整合不論是向後整合亦或是向前整合，其帶給台灣汽車產業發展的機會，在於必須結合台灣汽車產業鏈中既有的堅實基礎，加強創新與研發；此外汽車產業發展綠色供應鏈所產生之額外交易成本藉由滿足所有利害關係人之期望，將可被未來公司無形資產獲得所彌補。
從採購策略當中，本研究歸納出影響交易成本的三個構面，分別為產品成本、產品品質與生產效率需同時提升，才能使企業在交易與生產活動中所產生的交易成本減少，並增加企業的利潤。台灣汽車產業發展至今，在全球性地位的重要性與日俱增，為繼續維持全球競爭力，並面對當前及未來的情勢與挑戰。一方面要設法適度轉型與不斷提升研發創新能力，主動迎合全球綠色資本主義的環保浪潮；另一方面則設法將國外已成熟的節能技術或產品移植至國內，以確保在全球供應鏈的體系中佔有一席之地。

The Taiwanese auto part industry has gradually started to play an important role in the global market, and in order to remain competitive it must be able to face today’s and tomorrow’s challenges. On the one hand, the auto part industry must seek to reshape and improve its research and development skills to adapt to the new environmentalist natural capitalism. On the other hand, it must endeavor to import mature technology and products into Taiwan to keep its position within the global supply chain.
This study explores the value chain and supply chain of the auto industry from the perspective of transaction costs, and analyzes its ability to achieve resource integration with the aim of reducing transaction costs incurred in the supply chain process. The methodology proposed presents an overall perspective based on system dynamics analysis (SD) to evaluate the relations and effects among dimensions under the demands of green supply chains, vertical organizational integration and varied purchasing strategies. The objective is to analyze the development of the auto industry under the influence of the global economy from a SD point of view and provide strategic advice to reduce transaction costs in the supply chain. To evaluate the proposed model, Tobit Model is used to assess the indexes generated.
Manufacturing processes in the auto industry show tight relationships between upstream and downstream suppliers. Analysis of vertical integration and its motives reveals that either forward or backward integration both offer opportunities for improvement to the industry as long as it is entirely united into a collaborative unit and pursues research, development and innovation. Moreover, additional transaction costs incurred from developing green supply chains in the auto industry will be balanced out by future gains of intangible assets. From purchasing strategies analyzed, this research identified the following factors affecting purchasing costs: product cost, product quality and production performance. Only by improving quality and performance, costs incurred during production and transaction can be reduced, thereby increasing overall profit.

一、中文部份
干學平、黃春興。牽成繁榮、追求進步---經濟學原理，新陸書局，1994。
工研院 IEK。IT IS計畫，2006。
朱松竹。從交易成本角度探討航太產業採購策略─以漢翔航空工業(股)公司為例，東海大學管理研究所碩士論文，2004。
吳信如。綠色資本主義，天下雜誌股份有限公司，2002。
吳建東。台灣汽車生產之垂直整合分析─交易成本理論之應用，文化大學經濟研究所碩士論文，1990。
洪堯勳。從交易成本觀點探討價值鏈管理創新，交通大學經營管理研究所博士論文，2000。
徐炳勳。美麗共生─使用地球者付費，天下雜誌股份有限公司，1992。
柴松林。「綠色消費主義」，環保標章簡訊第二十五期，2001。
梁錦琳、陳雅玲。綠色行銷─化危機為商機的經營趨勢，牛頓出版社，1993。
黃玉樹。資訊分享對於強化產業時間競爭力之研究─以汽車產業供應鏈資訊整合之實證分析，大葉大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，2004。
黃亮洲。垂直整合誘因之探討─臺灣汽車商向後垂直整合之實證研究，中央產經所碩士論文，1989。
葉彬。企業採購，三民書局，1976。
鄭英美。應用系統動態方法探討土地資源利用之研究－以淡水河流域及蘭陽溪流域為例，國立台北大學資源管理研究所碩士論文，2000。
薛乃綺。金屬中心IT IS汽車零組件產業研究計畫，2007。
劉少華。汐止水患影響都市發展與防洪政策之系統動力學研究，國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所，2002。
謝長宏。系統動態學理論、方法與應用，中興管理顧問公司，1987。
羅翔、傅秀珠、張舜德。「汽車零組件供應鏈之研究─如何因應WTO之加入」，兩岸經營管理與永續發展研討會論文集，2002。
二、英文部份
Adam Jr., E., Alternative quality improvement practices and organization performance. Journal of Operations Management. vol. 12, pp.27-44. 1994.
Ahire, Sanjay L., An Empirical Investigation of Quality Management in Small Firms. Production & Inventory Management Journal. vol. 37, pp.44-50. 1996.
Ahire and O’Shaughnessy, Management Science-Total Quality Management Interfaces. An Integrative Framework. vol. 27, pp. 91-105. 1998.
Ahire, Sanjay L. and Dreyfus, Paul., The impact of design management and process management on quality: an empirical investigation. Journal of Operations Management. vol. 18, pp.549-575. 2000.
Akira, T., Bridging Inter-and Intra-Firm Boundraries: Management of Supplier Involvement in Automobile Product Development. Strategic Management Journal. vol. 22, No5. pp. 403-433. 2001.
Anderson, E., and D. Schmittlein, Integration of the Sales Force: An Empirical Examination, RAND Journal of Economics. 15 3, pp. 385-395. 1984.
Anderson, G., Industry Clustering for Economic Development, Economic Development Review. 122, pp. 26-32. 1994.
Atherton, A., Examining Clusters formation from the ‘bottom-up’ : An Analysis of Four Cases in the North of England. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 21, pp. 21-35. 2003.
Bansal, S. and Gangopadhyay, S., Tax/subsidy Policies in the Presence of Environmentally Aware Consumers. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 45, pp. 333–355. 2003.
Bowersox, D.J. and David, J. C., Logistic Management the Integrated Supply Chain Process. 1996.
Breandan, O. H. and David W., Vertical Integration in a Lean Supply Chain: Brazilian Automobile Component Parts. Economic Geography. vol. 75, No. 1. pp. 21-42. 1999.
Brennan, R. and Turnbull, P. W., Adaptive Behavior in Buyer-Supplier Relationship” Industrial Marketing Management. vol. 28, pp. 481-495. 1999.
Buffa, F.P. and Reynolds, J., The Inventory – Transport Model with Sensitivity Analysis by Indifference Curve. Transportation Journal. 17(2), pp. 83-90. 1997.
Choi, T. Y. and Eboch, K., The TQM Paradox: Relations among TQM practices, plant performance, and customer satisfaction. Journal of Operations Management. vol. 17, pp.59-75. 1998.
Coase, R.H., The Nature of the Firm. Econometrica. 4, 386-405. 1937.
Conrad, K., Price Competition and Product Differentiation When Consumers Care for the Environment. Environmental and Resource Economics. 31, pp. 1-19. 2005.
Cooper, M. C. and Ellram, L. M., Characteristics of Supply Chain Management and the Implications for Purchasing and Logistics Strategy. The International Journal of Logistics Management. 4(2), pp. 13-24. 1993.
Covin, J. G. and Slevin, D. P., Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environment. Strategic Management Journal. 10(1), pp. 75-87. 1989.
Davenport, T.H., Delong, D.W. and Beers, M.C., Successful Knowledge Management Projects. Sloan Management Review. 392, pp. 43-57. 1998.
Dietrich, M., Transaction Cost Economics: Towards a New Economics of the Firms. London, Routledge. 1994.
Dow, Sandra, McGuire, and Jean., The sources and advantages of Japanese industrial organization. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. vol. 16, pp.47. 1999.
Dyer, J., Managing the Global Supply Chain. Journal of Economic Literature. Nashville, vol. 35, pp. 1387-1390. 1997.
Eisenhardt K., Tabrizi B., Accelerating adaptive processes: product innovation in the global computer industry. Administrative Science Quarterly. vol. 40, pp. 84-110. 1995.
Eriksson, C., Can Green Consumerism Replace Environmental Regulation? – A Differentiated-Products Example. Resource and Energy Economics. 26, pp. 281–293. 2004.
Feser, E. and Bergman, E., National Industry Cluster Templates: A Framework for Applied Regional Cluster Analysis. Regional Studies. 341, pp. 1-19. 2000.
Flynn, B. B., Sakakibara, S. and Schroeder, R. G., Relationship between JIT and TQM: Practices and Performance. Academy of Management Journal. vol. 38, pp. 1995.
Forker, L.B. Factors affecting supplier quality performance. Journal of Operations Management. vol. 15, pp.243-269. 1997.
Forrester, J. W., Industrial dynamics. Cambridge, UK: MIT Press. 1961.
Garvin and David A., Product Quality: An Important Strategic Weapon.. Business Horizons. vol. 27, pp.40. 1984.
Gordon, W. and Laura, P., Profit Centers, Single-Source Suppliers, and Transaction Costs. Administrative Science Quarterly. vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 66-87. 1991.
Grandzol, J. and Gershon. A survey instrument for standardizing TQM modeling research. International Journal of Quality Science. vol. 3. 1997.
Hammer, M. and Champy, J., Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution. New York: Harper Business. 1993.
Haresh, Gurnani, Optimal Ordering Policies in Inventory Systems with Random Demand and Random Deal Offerings. European Journal of Operational Research. 29(2), pp. 1-15. 1996.
Hiam, A., Strategic Planning Unbound. Journal of Business Strategy. vol. 14, pp. 46. 1993.
James, G. B., Secrets of Customer Relationship Management- It is All about How You Make Them Feel. McGraw-Hill. 2000.
James, R., Parallel Sourcing and Supplier Performance in the Japanese Automobile Industry. Strategic Management Journal. vol. 14, No5. pp.339-350. 1993.
Lambert, D. M. and Cooper, M. C., Issues in Supply Chain Management. Industrial Marketing Management. 291, pp.65-83. 2000.
Lee, H. L. and Billington, C., Managing Supply Chain Inventory: Pitfalls and Opportunities. Sloan Management Review. pp. 65-73. 1992.
Levy, D. T., The Transaction Cost Approach to Vertical Integration: An Empirical Examination. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 67, pp. 438-445. 1985.
Liao, C.J. and Shyu, C.H., Stochastic Inventory Model with Controllable Lead Time. International Journal of System Science. 2211, pp. 83-90. 1991.
Lieberman, M. B., Determinants of Vertical Integration: An Empirical Test. The Journal of Industrial Economics. 39, pp. 451-466. 1991.
Lin, C. H., Tung, C. M. and Huang, C. T., Elucidating the Industrial Cluster Effect from a System Dynamics Perspective. Technovation. 26, pp. 473-482. 2006.
Lin, F. R., Tan, G. W. and Shaw, M. J., Modeling Supply Chain Networks by a Multi-Agent System. 31rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System. vol. 5, pp. 247-253. 1998.
Link, A. N. and Tassey, G., Strategies for Technology-based Competition: Meeting the New Global Challenge. Mass: Lexington Books. 1987.
Malmberg, A. and Maskell, P., The Elusive Concept of Localization Economics: Towards a Knowledge-Based Theory of Spatial Clustering. Environment and Planning . A, 34, pp. 429-449. 2002.
Martin, X., Mitchell, W. and Swaminathan, A., Recreating and Extnding Japanese Automobile Buyer-Supplier Links in North America. Strategic Management Journal. vol. 16, No8. pp.589-619. 1995.
Masten, S., The Organization of Production: Evidence from the Aero-Space Industry. Journal of Law and Economics. 27, pp. 403-418. 1984.
Masten, S. E.、Meehan, J. and Snyder, E. A., Vertical Integration in The U. S. A. Auto Industry: An Note on The Influence of Transaction Specific Asset. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 12, pp. 265-273. 1989.
McGee, J. S. and Bassett, L. R., Vertical Integration Revisited. Journal of Law and Economy. 15, pp.17-38. 1976.
Miller, D. and Friesen, P. H., Innovation in Conservative and Entrepreneurial Firms：Two Models of Strategic Momentum. Strategic Management Journal 3. pp.1-25. 1982.
Monterverde, K. and Teece, D. J., Supplier Switching Cost and Vertical Integration in The Automobile Industry. Bell Journal of Economy. 13, pp. 206-213. 1982.
Nelson, R. R., National Innovation Systems: A comparative Analysis, New York : Oxford University Press. 1993.
Ohanian, N. K., Vertical Integration in the U. S. Pulp and Paper Industry. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 76, pp 202-212. 1994.
Pant, S. and H. Cheng, Business on the Web: Strategies and Economics. Computer Networks and ISDN System. vol. 28, pp. 1481-1492. 1996.
Porter, M. E. and Linde, C., Green and Competitive: Ending the Stalemate. Harvard Business Review. 735, pp. 120-134. 1995.
Porter, M. E., Competitive Strategy-Techniques for Analysis Industries and Competitors. NY: The Free Press. 1980.
Rabey, G., No Yin without its Yan. Industrial and Commercial Training. 35, pp. 16-21. 2003.
Richard, M., Quantifying the Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chains. Journal of Operations Management. 151, pp. 89-100. 1996.
Richardson, G. P., Feedback Thought in Social Science and Systems Theory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1991.
Rodríguez-Ibeas, R., Environmental Product Differentiation and Environmental Awareness. Environmental and Resource Economics. 36, pp.237-254. 2007.
Sastry, M. A., Problems and Paradoxes in a Model of Punctuated Organizational Change. Administrative Science Quarterly. 42, pp. 237-275. 1997.
Senge, P. M., The fifth discipline: the art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday Currency. 1990.
Shughart, W. E., Mordern Management Economics. College Division South-Western Publishing Co. Cincinnati, Ohio, pp. 406-438. 1994.
Spekman, R.E., Kamauff, J. and Spear, J., Towards More Effective Sourcing and Supplier Management. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. 192, pp. 103-116. 1999.
Sterman, J. D., Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for A Complex World. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2000.
Stevens, G. C., Integration the Supply Chain. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management. 198, pp. 3-8. 1989.
Susan, H., Strategy and Irreversibility in Supplier Relations: The Case of the U.S. Automobile Industry. Business History Review. vol. 65, 4, pp. 781. 1991.
Swift, R., Accelerating Customer Relationships. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. 2001.
Teece, D. J., Firm Organization, Industrial Structure, and Technological Innovation. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 31, pp. 193-224. 1996.
Tiwana, A.,The Knowledge Management. Toolki, PTR, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. 2000.
Van Weele, A. J., Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: Analysis, Planning and Practice. Unifed Kingdom: Thomson Learning. 2002.
Vernon, J. and Graham, Profitability of Monopolization by Vertical Integration. Journal of Political Economy. 79, pp.924-925. 1971.
Vickery, S., R. Calantone, and Droge, C., Supply Chain Flexibility : An Empirical Study. The Journal of Supply Chain Management. 192, pp.16-24. 1999.
Walker, G. and Weber, D.,. A transaction Cost Approach to Make-or-Buy Decision. Administrative Science Quarterly. 29, pp. 373-391. 1984
Williamson, O. E., The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. Free Press, New York. 1985.
Wolstenholme, System Enquiry: A System Dynamics Approach. Long Range Planning. vol. 24, p123-123. 1991.
Yip, G.S., Total Global Strategy Managing for Worldwide Competitive Advantage. NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1995.
Yung, S.K. and Yang, C.C., Intelligent Multi-Agents for Supply Chain Management. IEEE SMC’99 Conference Proceedings. pp.528-533. 1999.
Zhu, Q. and Cote, R. P., Intergrating Green Supply Chain Management into an Embryonic Eco-Industrial Development: A Case Study of the Guitang Group. Journal of Cleaner Production. 128, pp. 1025-1035. 2004.