本論文以「疏離感」（alienation）及「歸屬感」（connection）兩個面向，來檢視馬來西亞出身的亞裔美籍作家林玉玲（Shirley Geok-lin Lim）第一部小說《馨香與金箔》（Joss and Gold），聚焦於文本中身份認同議題所呈現錯綜複雜的辯證關係。林玉玲藉由文本中女主角麗安身為女性、被殖民者、華裔、文化弱勢族群（cultural hybrid）等多重邊緣身份，細緻地書寫族裔性別處境中獨特的疏離感及抗爭經驗。本論文首先將進入後殖民馬來西亞的歷史與社會脈絡之中，從人際關係、族群關係及文化關係此三種層面，來剖析麗安周旋於多元語言與族裔之間所衍生的矛盾與衝突。另一方面，麗安與美裔白人傑斯特之間的外遇糾葛情節，更是展現了被殖民者與殖民者的權力位階，以此對照出以弱勢身份發聲的麗安之認同困境，並進一步探索身份認同建構中所存在的權力關係。在認同議題的處理上，本文強調麗安多元文化的歷史經驗，尤其殖民經驗，與形塑其混雜身份（hybrid self）存在著密不可分的關係，在文化混雜環境中主體性建構過程的梳理，是檢視麗安認同政治形成的重要關鍵，也使得麗安最終得以跨越國族論述中單音同質的藩籬，以其混血女兒素英來體現其如何想像和建構國族，林玉玲不僅提出超越既定屬性類別的混雜身份，最終還回歸到以人為本的寫作主題，解構國族論述中單一而整體性的想像社群，強調多重移徙的經驗中主體性的建構與認同的歸屬實來自人際關係重建（re-connection），小說結局中麗安、傑斯特及素英之間的溝通與和解，顯示出林玉玲從奮鬥與掙扎中，轉而重新思索殖民主義與不同種族之間的關係，在人際網絡架構中大和解，重新確認其越界游移與回歸弱勢身份的認同位置。

This thesis attempts to explore the complexities and contradictions involved in the identity politics of Li An and Chester Brookfield—the homeless and disrupted selves—in Shirley Geok-lin Lim’s Joss and Gold, emphasizing the particular historical and cultural coordinates that inform the identity formation of their selves and stressing how they retrieve their autonomy and subjectivity by nurturing their interpersonal, intercultural and interracial relationships in a harmonious and sincere way. The sense of “alienation” and the idea of “connection” form the two primary themes in Lim’s novel. By narrating the fragmentation of Li An’s multiple relationships, Lim has presented the failure of connection and concretely depicted the sense of alienation felt by the Malaysian Chinese female in multiple perspectives. Through displaying how Chester is tormented by his consciousness of white supremacy, Lim implicitly reflects the paradox of self-identification as embodied in Li An’s identity politics, mirroring how Li An, a cultural hybrid, suffers from the tension between her consciousness of the imperial power and her colonial cultural upbringing, as well as the ambivalence between her reliance on the Malaysian living experience under Malay influence and her distaste for ethnocentric hegemony. The presence of Suyin—the Amerasian daughter of Li An and Chester—signifies an endless civil war in which the hybrids, both Li An and Suyin, must take part to fight for the validity of their hybrid identity. How do they resist assimilation into the dominant conceptualizations of cultural homogeneity and re-validate their hybrid identity? I conclude that the reconstruction of subjectivity not only calls for the consciousness and reexamination of the power structures in which the selves are shaped, but also an interpersonal “re-connection”—the discovery of a new significance of one’s existence in the presence of others. Through the process of reconciliation with one another, Li An, Chester and Suyin finally retrieve the wholeness of selfhood within the new interpersonal network and find their home after a long journey of exile.

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