本論文聚焦於橋梁結構在不同階段下之動態行為研究，包含設計階段、實驗驗證階段，以及完工後之實際使用狀態。透過模態參數識別方法，分析橋梁結構在不同激振條件下的結構反應，並進一步探討數值模型與實際完工橋梁之間動態特性的差異。本研究同時採用時域與頻域資料，並整合多種系統識別方法進行分析，以驗證各方法於不同激振條件下之適用性與有效性。對於已完工橋梁而言，外力輸入之直接量測通常難以實現，因此本研究特別著重於唯輸出系統識別方法，包括以輸出量測資料為基礎之協方差型隨機子空間識別法、資料型隨機子空間識別法，以及修正亞伯拉罕時域分析法。上述方法皆僅利用量測到的結構輸出反應進行模態參數識別，並分別應用於地震力激振、風致振動與環境微振動等不同激振情境下之橋梁反應分析。透過與振動台試驗中所取得之輸入/輸出系統識別方法結果進行比較，研究結果顯示，唯輸出系統識別方法可準確識別橋梁之模態頻率與阻尼比，其識別結果亦可識別出激振力特性。此外，本研究結合振動台試驗與數位孿生模擬，用以探討橋梁於地震作用下之動態反應以及土壤結構互制效應，並比較振動台試驗與數位孿生所得到之分析結果。研究中進一步識別共振土層轉換函數，並將其整合至離線即時次結構振動台試驗架構，使振動台能夠真實重現具場址特性的地震輸入效應。在受風致動力行為方面，本研究進行橋梁斷面風洞試驗，透過不同風攻角下之量測資料識別模態參數及顫振導數。研究結果顯示，唯輸出系統識別方法在風洞試驗中同樣能提供穩定且可靠之識別結果，並可用以評估橋梁斷面之氣動不穩定行為，以及改良後橋梁斷面設計於氣動力行為的改善效果。最後，本研究針對一座已完工懸索橋進行現地監測，透過環境激振與衝擊載重取得結構動態反應資料。現地監測試驗識別結果證實，唯輸出系統識別方法能有效識別橋梁之主要模態參數，而根據監測結果更新橋梁之數值模型，亦能顯著提升數值模型與實際橋梁動態行為之相符性。整體而言，本研究呈現系統識別方法可作為橋梁在不同激振條件下進行動態評估之有效工具，並建立一套整合振動台試驗、風洞試驗與現地監測之多尺度實驗研究架構，提供橋梁動態行為分析與評估之完整實驗基礎。

This dissertation focuses on the investigation of bridge dynamic behavior at different stages, including the design phase, experimental verification, and post-construction conditions. Modal parameters identification is employed to analyze structural responses under different excitations. It also examines the differences in dynamic characteristics between numerical models and as-built bridges. Time-domain and frequency-domain data are analyzed using different identification methods in this dissertation to show the effectiveness of these methods. For as-built bridges, direct measurement of input excitations is generally impractical. Therefore, this study focuses on output-only identification methods, including Covariance-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI-COV), Data-driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI-DATA), and the Modified Ibrahim Time-Domain (MITD) method, which are identified from the measured structural output response. These identified methods are applied to bridge responses under seismic excitation, wind-induced vibration, and ambient loading. By comparing the output-only identification results with the input-output identification results obtained from the Shaking Table Test (STT), it was demonstrated that the output-only method can accurately identify the modal frequencies and damping ratios, while implicitly reflecting the characteristics of the external excitation. STT and Digital Twin (DT) simulations are conducted to investigate seismic responses and soil–structure interaction effects, and to compare the results obtained from the STT and DT. The resonant soil transfer functions are identified and incorporated into an Offline Real-time Substructure Shaking Table Testing (ORSST), allowing realistic reproduction of site-specific ground motion effects. Wind tunnel tests are further performed on bridge section models to identify modal parameters and flutter derivatives under different angles of attack. Output-only methods are shown to provide reliable identification results and are used to evaluate aerodynamic instability and the effectiveness of an enhanced bridge section design. Finally, in-situ measurements are carried out on an as-built suspension bridge using ambient and impact excitations. Field test results confirm that output-only methods can accurately identify primary modal parameters of the bridge, while numerical model updating based on measured responses improves agreement with in-situ bridge dynamic behavior. Overall, this study demonstrates that system identification methods provide an effective framework for bridge dynamic assessment under different excitations, forming a comprehensive and multi-scale experimental approach that integrates shaking table testing, wind tunnel experiments, and in-situ measurements.

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