本研究試圖探討團隊領導者與成員在親和性人格特質之相似性對於領導－成員交換關係之影響，以及領導－成員交換關係對任務績效與組織公民行為之影響，並進一步探討親和性人格特質之相似性是否能經由領導－成員交換關係來進一步影響員工之任務績效及組織公民行為。另外，本研究將結合團隊－成員交換關係，試圖探討團隊－成員交換關係是否能夠調節領導－成員交換關係與員工任務績效以及組織公民行為之關係。
本研究以台灣的公司為研究對象。研究問卷分為主管填答、員工填答兩式問卷，以郵寄方式發放，以成對樣本形式發放，總計共發放77組問卷，最後有效樣本共有192筆資料，皆為有效成對樣本，有效樣本回收率為66.23%。
依據相關學者之觀點，提出構面之操作型定義，設計各構面之衡量問項，最後再配合SPSS以及AMOS等統計軟體之使用，並透過層級迴歸分析對本研究所提出之假設進行驗證，實證結果如下：
(一) 親和性人格特質相似性與領導－成員交換之間呈現顯著正相關。
(二) 領導－成員交換關係對於任務績效具有正向顯著的影響。領導－成員交換關係對於組織公民行為具有正向顯著的影響。
(三) 領導－成員交換關係對親和性人格特質相似性與任務績效間並不具有中介效果。而領導－成員交換關係對親和性人格特質相似性與組織公民行為具有中介效果
(四) 團隊－成員交換關係對領導－成員交換關係與任務績效間具有正向的調節效果。團隊－成員交換關係對領導－成員交換關係與組織公民行為間不具有正向的調節效果。

The purpose of this research is going to investigate how the similarity in personality of agreeableness between leader and employees influence leader-member exchange (LMX). And how LMX influence task performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Meanwhile, this study also wants to exam if LMX mediate the positive relationship between similarity in personality of agreeableness and task performance/ OCB. Moreover, this study also tries to exam if team-member exchange (TMX) moderate the positive relationship between LMX and task performance/ OCB.
The reach is performed through the questionnaires survey to Taiwan’s company with two versions of questionnaires: version A for team leader and version B for team member. We sent 77 questionnaires and retrieve51 matched questionnaires and the final return rate is 66.23%.We use hierarchical regression analysis to verify all hypotheses.
The findings can be summarized as follows. First, the higher degree for similarity in personality of agreeableness, the more likely LMX would increase. Second, the higher degree for LMX, the more likely task performance and OCB would increase. Third, LMX could mediate the positive relationship between similarity in personality of agreeableness and OCB, but could not mediate the relationship between similarity in personality of agreeableness and task performance. Finally, TMX could not moderate the relationship between LMZ and task performance/ OCB.

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