簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 沈郁如
Shen, Yu-jui
論文名稱: 以理性行為理論為基礎探討消費者對折價券的反應
Consumer Responses to Coupons Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action
指導教授: 譚伯群
Tan, Bertram
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 企業管理學系
Department of Business Administration
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 67
中文關鍵詞: 理性行為理論、資訊搜尋、價值評估、折價券、購買意願
外文關鍵詞: The Theory of Reasoned Action, Information Search, Value Evaluation, Coupons, Purchase Intention
相關次數: 點閱:58下載:11
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  •   長久以來,折價券一直是重要的促銷工具,不論對於製造業者或是零售商而言,也因此,過去許多研究在這方面多有著墨。探討消費者使用折價券的機制與消費者的心理狀態,有助於辨別或是了解哪些消費者較傾向於零售商的促銷手法。然而,這些研究某種程度上,並沒有辦法清楚達到前述的目標,其中,主要的弊病是無法從消費者的觀點來探討消費者對於促銷的傾向。
      立基於「理性行為理論」,本研究致力於提出認知-情感-行為模式,由這三方面分別了解消費者對於折價券的反應,因而採用了因素分析、結構線性模式與複迴歸分析,衡量四個構面之間的互動關係,四個構面分別為消費者的資訊搜尋行為、對於折價券的價值評估、對折價券的態度,以及購買意願。此外,我們也利用變異數分析來檢定每一個人口統計變數是否在上述的四個構面中有顯著的差異。
      透過一連串的資料蒐集及統計分析,本研究結果顯示:
    (1) 消費者蒐集的資訊愈多,其對於折價券會持有正面的價值評估。
    (2) 消費者的資訊搜尋行為在形成情感的流程上扮演著重要的角色。
    (3) 消費者對於折價券的價值評估若為正面的,則其對折價券促銷持有正面的態度。
    (4) 當消費者對折價券持有正面的態度時,利用折價券的購買意願就會跟著提升。
    (5) 男性與女性在購物前有不同的資訊搜尋行為,對於折價券也有不同的評價與信念。年齡層不同的消費者有不同的搜尋行為、情感表現,與不同的產品與品牌選擇。擁有不同教育水準的消費者也有不同的資訊搜尋行為、情感表現,以及不同的產品與品牌選擇。而每個月的可支配所得不同的消費者有不同的資訊搜尋行為,對折價券有不同的正面評價、情感表現、也會有不同的產品與品牌選擇。

      Coupons continue to be an important promotional vehicle for manufacturers and retailers. Considerable research has been directed to study the mechanism of perspective on coupon's use and a psychological level to identify and understand the deal-prone consumer. Nevertheless, findings pertaining to the sales promotions context have somewhat failed to clarify correlates of deal proneness. The main criticisms lie in the inability of previous studies to consider deals from the consumer's perspective.
      This research serves to increase our understanding of the relationships between consumers’ cognitive, affective, and behavior response to coupon promotion based on the theory of reasoned action. Factor analysis, LISREL and multiple regression analysis are measured to examine the links between consumers’ information search, the value evaluation of coupon promotion and their attitude toward coupons, and purchase intention. Besides we use multiple analyses of variables to test if each demographic variable differ among four constructs proposed above.
      Through a serious of data collection and analysis, the following results are found in this study:
    (1) If consumers search more information just before shopping or in the daily life, they will be apt to positively evaluate retailers’ coupon promotions.
    (2) The consumers searching more information will be more coupon-prone than those have fewer searching behaviors.
    (3) Consumers having positive evaluation about coupon promotions will also be more coupon-prone.
    (4) Coupon-prone consumers will be more willing to buy products or brands with coupon promotions.
    (5) Men and female differ in on pre-purchase search, ongoing search, positive evaluation, negative evaluation and belief. Consumers with different age differ among on-going search, affection, product choice and brand choice. Consumers in diverse groups of the highest education differ among on-going search, affection, product choice and brand choice. Diverse groups of dispensable income that consumers have per month differ among on-going search, positive evaluation, affection, product choice and brand choice.

    Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Research Structure and Research Flow 4 Chapter 2 Literature Review 6 2.1 Coupon Promotion 6 2.2 The Theory of Reasoned Action 11 2.3 Information Search 14 2.4 Value Evaluation 18 2.5 Hypotheses Development 27 2.6 The Conceptual Model 32 Chapter 3 Methodology 34 3.1 Pretest 34 3.2 Sample and Data Collect 34 3.3 Measurement 35 3.3.1 Information Search 35 3.3.2 Value Evaluation 35 3.3.3 Attitude Toward Coupons 35 3.3.4 Purchase Intention 35 3.4 Respondent Profile 36 Chapter 4 Research Analysis and Results 38 4.1 Introduction 38 4.2 Overall Results 39 4.3 Factor Analysis 40 4.4 Tests of Hypotheses 43 4.5 Differences of Demographic Variables Among Four Constructs 48 4.6 Discussion 51 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation 54 5.1 Conclusion 54 5.2 Contribution 56 5.3 Limitation and Further Research 56 References 58 Appendix---Questionnaire 65

    1. Ailawadi, K. L. and Neslin, S. A. (1998), “The effect of promotion on consumption: buying more and consuming it faster,” Journal of Marketing Research, 35 (August), p.390-398.
    2. Ailawadi, K. L., Lehmann, D. R. and Neslin, S. A. (2001), “Market response to a major policy change in the marketing mix: learning from Procter & Gamble’s value pricing strategy,” Journal of Marketing, 65(1), p.44-61.
    3. Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1980), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
    4. Akhter, S. H. (2003), “Digital divide and purchase intention: Why demographic psychology matters,” Journal of Economic Psychology, 24(3), p.321-327.
    5. Anderson, E. W. and Sullivan, M. W. (1993), “The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms,” Marketing Science, 12(2), p.125-143.
    6. Anderson, J. C. and Gerbing, D. W. (1988), “Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach,” Psychological Bulletin, 103, p.411-423.
    7. Assael, H. (1984), Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action. Boston, Kent.
    8. Avery, R. J. (1996), “Determinants of search for nondurable goods: an empirical assessment of the economics of information theory,” The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 30(2), p.390-420.
    9. Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R. and Griffin, M. (1994), “Work and/or fun: measuring Hedonic and utilitarian shopping value,” Journal of Consumer Research, 20, p.644-656.
    10. Bagozzi, R. P., Baumgartner, H. and Yi, Y. (1992), “Appraisal processes in the enactment of intentions to use coupons,” Psychology and Marketing, 9, p.469-486.
    11. Bang, H. K., Alexander, E. E., John, H. and Patrick, A. T. (2000), “Consumer concern, knowledge, belief, and attitude toward renewable energy: An application of the reasoned action theory,” Psychology & Marketing, 17(6), p.449-468.
    12. Bawa, K. and Shoemaker, R. W. (1987), “The coupon-prone consumer: some findings based on purchase behavior across product classes,” Journal of Marketing, 51, p.99-110.
    13. Bawa, K., Srinivasan, S. S., and Srivastava, R. K. (1997), “Coupon attractiveness and coupon proneness: a framework for modeling coupon redemption,” Journal of Marketing Research, 34(4), p.517-525.
    14. Beatty, S. and Smith, S. M. (1987), “External search effort: an investigation across several product categories,” Journal of Consumer Research, 14(2), p.83-95.
    15. Bell, D. R., Jeongwen, C. and Padmanabahn, V. (1999), “The decomposition of promotional response: an empirical generalization,” Marketing Science, 18(4), p.504-526.
    16. Bettman, J. R., Eric, J. J. and John, W. P. (1991), “Consumer decision making.” in Robertson, T. S. and Kassarjian, H., Handbook of Consumer Research, Ed. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice Hall.
    17. Blattberg, R. C. and Neslin, S. (1990), Sales Promotion. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. P.50-84.
    18. Bloch, P. H., Sherrell, D. L. and Ridgway, N. M. (1986), “Consumer search: and extended framework,” Journal of Consumer Search, 13(2), p.119-126.
    19. Bojanic, D. C. (1996), “Consumer perceptions of price, value and satisfaction in the hotel industry: an exploratory study,” Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4(1), p.5-22.
    20. Bolton, R. N. and Drew, J. H. (1991), “A multistage model of customers’ assessments of service quality,” Journal of Consumer Research, 17(4), p.375-384.
    21. Bonnici, J., Campbell, D., Fredenberger, W. B. and Hunnicutt, K. H. (1997), “Consumer issues in coupon usage: an explanatory analysis,” Journal of Applied Business Research, 13(1), p.31-40.
    22. Buckinx, W., Moons, E., Van den, P. D. and Wets, G. (2004), “Customer-adapted coupon targeting using feature selection,” Expert Systems with Applications, 26(4), p.509-518.
    23. Butz, H. E. and Goodstein, L. D. (1996), “Measuring customer value: gaining the strategic advantage,” Organizational Dynamics, 24(3), p.63-77.
    24. Byrne, B. M. (1994), Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming (SAGE, California).
    25. Carrie, M. H., Kent, N. and Ambar, G. R. (2002), “Pleasant surprises: Consumer response to unexpected in-store coupons,” Journal of Marketing Research, 39(2), p.242-254.
    26. Chakraborty, G. and Cole, C. (1991), “Coupon characteristics and brand choice,” Psychology and Marketing, 8, p.145-159.
    27. Chen, S. F., Monroe, K. B. and Lou, Y. C. (1998), “The effects of framing price promotion messages on consumers’ perceptions and choice decisions,” Journal of Retailing, 74(3), p.353-372.
    28. Cheong, K. J. (1993), “Observations: are cents-off coupons effective?” Journal of Advertising Research, 33(2), p.73-77.
    29. Chiang, J. (1995), “Competing coupon promotions and category sales,” Marketing Science, 14, p.105-122.
    30. Cho, J. (2004), “Likelihood to abort an online transaction: influences from cognitive evaluations, attitudes, and behavioral variables, ” Information & Management, 41(7), p.827-838.
    31. Churchill, G. A. (1979), “A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs,” Journal of Marketing Research, 16, p.64-73.
    32. Colombo, R., Bawa, K. and Srinivasan, S. S. (2003), “Examining the dimensionality of coupon proneness: a random coefficients approach,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10(1), p.27-33.
    33. Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K. and Hult, G. T. M. (2000), “Assessing the effects of quality, value and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments,” Journal of Retailing, 76(2), p.193-218.
    34. Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., Brand, R. R., Hightower, R. Jr. and Shemwell, D. J. (1997), “A cross-sectional test of the effect and conceptualization of service value,” The Journal of Services Marketing, 11(6), p.375-391.
    35. Cude, B. J. (1987), “Estimating the returns to informed decision-making,” Journal of Consumer Affairs 21(summer), p.86-95.
    36. David, R. F. (2000), “Clipping coupons in cyberspace: A proposed model of behavior for deal-prone consumers,” Psychology & Marketing, 17(6), p.515-534.
    37. Dickson, P. R. and Sawyer, A. G. (1990), “The price knowledge and search of supermarket shoppers,” Journal of Marketing, 54(3), p.42-53.
    38. Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B. and Grewal D. (1991), “Effects of price, brand and store information on buyers’ product evaluations,” Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), p.307-319.
    39. Doob, L. W. (1947), “The behavior of attitudes,” Psychological Review, 54, p. 135-156.
    40. Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D. and Kollat, D. T. (1995), Consumer Behavior, 8th ed. The International Edition: The Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace College Publisher.
    41. Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D. and Miniard, P. W. (1990), Consumer Behavior, 6th ed. Dryden Press.
    42. Fishbein, M. (1967), “A behavior theory approach to the relations between beliefs about an object and attitude toward the object,” in Fishbein, M. (Ed.), Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement. Wiley, New York, NY, p. 389-400.
    43. Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975), Belief, Attitude, Intention And Behavior: An Introduction to Theory And Research. MA: Addison-Wesley.
    44. Folkes, V., Wheat, R. D. (1995), “Consumer’s price perceptions of promoted products,” Journal of Retailing, 71(3), p.317-328.
    45. Fredericks, J. O. and Salter, J. M. (1995), “Beyond customer satisfaction,” Management Review, 84(5), p.29-32.
    46. Gardner, M. P. and Strang, R. A. (1984), “Consumer response to promotions: some new perspectives,” Advances in Consumer Research, 11, p.420-425.
    47. Garretson, J. A., Fisher, D. and Burton, S. (2002), “Antecedents of private label attitude and national brand promotion attitude: similarities and differences,” Journal of Retailing, 78(2), p.91-99.
    48. Gerbing D, Anderson J. (1992), “Monte Carlo evaluations of goodness of fit indices for structural equations models,” Sociological Methods of Research, 21(November), p.132-160.
    49. Grewal, D., Marmorstein, H. and Sharma, A. (1996), “Communicating price information through semantic cues: The moderating effects of situation and discount size,” Journal of Consumer Research, 23(2), p.148-155.
    50. Guimond, L., Kim, C. and Laroche, M. (2001), “An investigation of coupon-prone consumers: Their reactions to coupon feature manipulations,” Journal of Business Research, 54(2), p.131-137.
    51. Hahn, M., Chang, D. R., Kim, I. T. and Kim, Y. (1995), “Consumer response to coupon advertising,” International Journal of Advertising, 14 p.41-53.
    52. Hardesty, D. M. and Bearden, W. (2003), “Consumer evaluations of different promotion types and price presentations: the moderating role of promotional benefit level,” Journal of Retailing, 79(1), p.17-25.
    53. Henderson, C. (1985), “Modeling the coupon redemption decision,” Advances in Consumer Research, 12, p.138-143.
    54. Heskett, J. L., Jones, T. O., Loveman, G. W., Sasser, W. E. and Schlesinger, L. A. (1994), “Putting the service-profit chain to work,” Harvard Business Review, 72(2), p.164-174.
    55. Information Resources, Inc. (2001). Sales data summary –available online.
    56. Inman, J. and McAlister, L. (1994), “Do coupon expiration does affect consumer behavior?” Journal of Marketing Research, 31, p.423-428.
    57. Jallais, J., Orsoni, J. and Fady, A. (1994), Le Marketing dans le Commerce de De´tail. Paris: Vuibert Gestion.
    58. Judy, F. G. (1994), “Increasing repurchase rates: a reappraisal of coupon effects,” Psychology & Marketing, 11(6), p.533-549.
    59. Kahn, B. E. and Schmittlein, D. C. (1992), “The relationship between purchases made on promotion and shopping trip behavior,” Journal of Retailing, 68(3), p.294-315.
    60. Kalwani, M. U. and Yim, C. K. (1992), “Consumer price and promotion expectations: an experimental study,” Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (February), p.90-101.
    61. Kannan, P. K., and Yim, C. K. (2001), “An investigation of the impact of promotions on across-submarket competition,” Journal of Business Research, 53(3), p.137-149.
    62. Kim, B. D., Srinivasan, K. and Wilcox, R. T. (1999), “Identifying price sensitive consumers: the relative merits of demographic vs. purchase pattern information,” Journal of Retailing, 75(2), p.173-193.
    63. Krishna, A., Briesch, R., Lehmann, D. R. and Yuan, H. (2002), “A meta-analysis of the impact of price presentation on perceived savings,” Journal of Retailing, 78(2), p.101-118.
    64. Krishnamurthi, L. and Papatla, P. (2003), “Accounting for heterogeneity and dynamics in the loyalty—price sensitivity relationship,” Journal of Retailing, 79(2), p.121-135.
    65. Laroche, M., Pons, F., Zgolli, N. and Kim, C. (2001), “Consumers use of price promotions: a model and its potential moderators,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 8(5), p.251-260.
    66. Lattin, J. M. and Bucklin, R. E. (1989), “Reference effects of price and promotion on brand choice behavior,” Journal of Marketing Research, 26 (August), p.299-310.
    67. Lee, M. and Cunningham, L. F. (1996), “Customer loyalty in the airline industry,” Transportation Quarterly, 50(2), p.57-72.
    68. Lichstenstein, D. R., Ridgway, N. M. and Netemeyer, R. G. (1993), “Price perceptions and consumer shopping behavior: a field study,” Journal of Marketing Research, 30, p.234-245.
    69. Lichtenstein, D. R., Burton, S. and Netemyer, R. G. (1997), “An examination of deal proneness across sales promotion types: a consumer segmentation perspective,” Journal of Retailing, 73, p. 283-297.
    70. Lichtenstein, D. R., Burton, S., Netemeyer, R. G. and Garretson, J. A. (1998), “A scale for measuring attitude toward private label products and an examination of its psychological and behavioral correlates,” Academy of Marketing Science, 26 (Fall), p.293-306.
    71. Lichtenstein, D. R., Netemeyer, R. G. and Burton, S. (1990), “Distinguishing coupon proneness from value consciousness: an acquisition-transaction utility theory perspective,” Journal of Marketing, 54(3), p.54-67.
    72. Lichtenstein, D. R., Netemeyer, R. G. and Burton, S. (1995), “Assessing the domain specificity of deal proneness: a field study,” Journal of Consumer Research, 22, p.314-326.
    73. Lovelock, C. H. (2001), Service Marketing, 4th ed. Prentice Hall International.
    74. Mittal, B. (1994), “An integrated framework for relating diverse consumer characteristics to supermarket coupon redemption,” Journal of Marketing Research, 31, p.533-544.
    75. Monroe, K. B. (1991), Pricing—Making Profitable Decisions. McGrall-Hill, New York, NY.
    76. Monroe, K. B. and Chapman, J. D. (1987), “Framing effects on buyers’ subjective evaluations,” Advances in Consumer Research, 14, p.193-197.
    77. Monroe, K. B. and Krishnan, R. (1985), “The effect of price on subjective product evaluations,” in Jacoby, J. and Olson J. C. Eds. Perceived Quality: How Consumers View Stores and Merchandise, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, p.209-232.
    78. Moreau, P., Krishna, A. and Harlam, B. (2001), “The manufacturer–retailer– consumer triad: differing perceptions regarding price promotions,” Journal of Retailing, 77(4), p.547-569.
    79. Mulhern, F. J., Padgett, D. T. (1995), “The relationship between retail price promotions and regular price purchases,” Journal of Marketing, 59(4), p.83-90.
    80. Murray, K. B. (1991), “A test of service marketing theory: consumer information acquisition activities,” Journal of Marketing, 55, p.10-25.
    81. Narasimhan, C. (1984), “A price discrimination theory of coupon usage,” Marketing Science, 3(2), p.128-146.
    82. Neslin, S. A. and Clarke, D. G. (1987), “Relating the brand use profile of coupon redeemers to brand and coupon characteristics,” Journal of Advertising Research, 27, p.23-32.
    83. Oh, M. (1999), “Service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer value: a holistic perspective,” International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18(1), p.67-82.
    84. Olshavsky and Wymer, W. (1995), “The desire for new information from external sources,” in Proceedings of the Society for Consumer Psychology, Eds. Bloomington: Printmaster, p.17-27.
    85. Papatla, P. and Krishnamurthi, L. (1996), ”Measuring the dynamic effects of promotions on brand choice,” Journal of Marketing Research, 33(1), p.20.
    86. Parasuraman, A. (1997), “Reflections on going competitive advantage through customer value,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), p.154-161.
    87. Pechtl, H. (2004), “Profiling intrinsic deal proneness for HILO and EDLP price promotion strategies,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 11(4), p.223-233.
    88. Peter, J. P. and Olson, J. C. (1996), Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy, 4th ed. Irwin, Chicago, II.
    89. Putrevu, S. and Lord, K. R. (2001), “Search dimensions, patterns and segment profiles of grocery shoppers,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 8(3), p.127-137.
    90. Quelch, J. A. and Harding, D. (1996), “Brand versus private labels: fighting to win,” Harvard Business Review, 14, p.99-109.
    91. Raghubir, P. (2004), “Coupons in context: discounting prices or decreasing profits?” Journal of Retailing, 80(1), p.1-12.
    92. Ramaswamy, V. and Srinivasan, S. (1998), “Coupon characteristics and redemption intentions: A segment-level analysis,” Psychology & Marketing, 15(1), p.59-82.
    93. Ravald, A. and Gronroos, C. (1996), “The value concept and relationship marketing,” European Journal of Marketing, 30(2), p.19-30.
    94. Reibstein, D. and Traver, P. A. (1982), “Factors affecting coupon redemption rates,” Journal of Marketing, 46, p.102-113.
    95. Robert, M. S. (1992), “A coupon is more than a low price: evidence from a shopping-simulation study,” Psychology & Marketing, 9(6), p.431-453.
    96. Ruiz, S. and Sicilia, M. (2004), “The impact of cognitive and/or affective processing styles on consumer response to advertising appeals,” Journal of Business Research, 57(6), p.657-664.
    97. Salter, S. F. (1997), “Developing a customer value-based theory of the firm,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), p.162-167.
    98. Schmidt, J. B. and Spreng, R. A. (1996), “A proposed model of external consumer information search,” Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 24(3), p.246-256.
    99. Schneider, L. G. and Curim, I. S. (1991), “Consumer purchase behaviors associated with active and passive deal proneness,” International Journal of Research Marketing, 8, p.205-222.
    100. Sethuraman, R. and Tellis, G. (2002), “Does manufacturer advertising suppress or stimulate retail price promotions? Analytical model and empirical analysis,” Journal of Retailing, 78(4), p.253-263.
    101. Shih, H. P. (2004), “An empirical study on predicting user acceptance of e-shopping on the Web,” Information & Management, 41(3), p.351-368.
    102. Shim, S., Eastlick, M. A., Lotz, S. L. and Warrington, P. (2001), “An online pre-purchase intentions model: The role of intention to search: Best Overall Paper Award—The Sixth Triennial AMS/ACRA Retailing Conference, 2000,” Journal of Retailing, 77(3), p.397-416.
    103. Shimp, T. A. (1993), Promotion Management and Marketing Communications, 3rd Ed. Dryden Press, Fort Worth.
    104. Shimp, T. A. and Kavas, A. (1984), “The theory of reasoned action applied to coupon usage,” Journal of Consumer Research, 11, p.795-809.
    105. Solomon, M. R. (1999), Consumer Behavior, 4th ed. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River.
    106. Srinivasan and Ratchford, B. T. (1991), “An empirical test of a model of external search for automobiles,” Journal of Consumer Research, 18(September), p.233-242.
    107. Swait, J. and Sweeney, J. C. (2000), “Perceived value and its impact on choice behavior in a retail setting,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 7(2), p.77-88.
    108. Sweeney, J. C., Soutar, G. N. and Johnson, L. W. (1997), “Retail service quality and perceived value: a comparison of two models,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Service, 4(1), p.39-48.
    109. Taylor, G. A. (2001), “Coupon response in services,” Journal of Retailing, 77(1), p.139-151.
    110. Taylor, S. A. (1994), “Waiting for service: the relationship between delays and evaluations of service,” Journal of Marketing, 58(2), p.56-69.
    111. Teas, R. K. and Agarwal, S. (1997), “Quality cues and perceptions of value: and examination of the mediation effects of quality and sacrifice perceptions,” Iowa State University Working Paper, 37(6): Iowa State University.
    112. Thaler, R. (1985), “Mental accounting and consumer choice,” Marketing Science, 4(3), p.199-244.
    113. Treacy, M. and Wiersema, F. (1993), “Customer intimacy and other value disciplines,” Harvard Business Review, 71(1), p.84-93.
    114. Tybout, A. and Scott, C. (1983), “Availability of well-defined internal knowledge and the attitude formation process: information aggregation versus self-perception,” Journal of Personality and Social, 44(3), p.474-491.
    115. Vakratsas, D. and Ambler, T. (1999), “How advertising works: what do we really know,” Journal of Marketing, 63(1), p.26-43.
    116. Vijayasarathy, L. R. (2004), “Predicting consumer intentions to use on-line shopping: the case for an augmented technology acceptance model,” Information & Management, 41(6), p.747-762.
    117. Vogt, C. A. and Fesenmaier, D. R. (1998), “Expanding the function information search model,” Annal of Tourism Research, 25(3), p.551-578.
    118. Volle, P. (2001), “The short-term effect of store-level promotions on store choice, and the moderating role of individual variables,” Journal of Business Research, 53(2), p.63-73.
    119. Wu, I. L. (2003), “Understanding senior management’s behavior in promoting the strategic role of IT in process reengineering: use of the theory of reasoned action,” Information & Management, 41(1), p.1-11.
    120. Zeithmal, V. A. and Graham, K. L. (1993), “The accuracy of reported reference prices for professional services,” in Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 10. Association for Consumer Research.

    下載圖示 校內:立即公開
    校外:2004-07-13公開
    QR CODE