短鏈氯化石蠟(Short chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs)廣泛應用於金屬加工潤滑油、塑膠及橡膠之阻燃劑、油漆、密封膠、皮革及紡織品等工業產品中。研究顯示SCCPs可能經由生產、儲存、運輸、工業應用、產品使用及廢棄之過程中釋放至環境，且由於SCCPs具有環境持久性，使其長時間存在並累積於各種環境介質中，進而透過長程傳輸特性，將污染傳至遠方，再經由食物鏈及食物網之生物濃縮及生物放大作用，層層累積在水生生物體內，對環境及生物造成威脅。因此，斯德哥爾摩公約於2009年將SCCPs列入持久性有機污染物(Persistent organic pollutants, POPs)候選名單中，歐盟亦基於水框架指令(Water Framework Directive, WFD)，將SCCPs列為優先有害物質，而歐洲化學總署(European Chemicals Agency, ECHA)將SCCPs列入高度關注物質(Substance of very high concern, SVHC)候選清單中，其他國家也陸續開始管制SCCPs。目前台灣對於各種環境介質中SCCPs的分析方法尚未建立，而各種環境介質中SCCPs的濃度分布亦缺乏深入調查。由於河川環境係箇中環境污染物之最終沈積處，因此本研究之主要目的為河川底泥及魚體中SCCPs之前處理及分析方法開發與品保品管規範建置，並以開發完成之前處理及分析方法，針對台灣主要河川枯、豐水期之底泥及魚體中SCCPs進行濃度調查，最後以所得數值計算台灣河川中SCCPs之生物-底泥累積係數(Biota/Sediment Accumulation Factors, BSAFs)，以瞭解SCCPs在台灣河川環境之分布及生物濃縮特性。
本研究於2015年枯、豐水期採集台灣地區15條主要河川之底泥樣本，魚體樣本則是不分季節採集。樣本進行冷凍乾燥及均質後，保存於4℃。底泥樣本先進行微波萃取，再以四丁基亞硫酸氫胺去除硫化物，魚體樣本則使用超音波萃取，再以濃硫酸去除油脂，兩種樣本皆以酸性矽膠及矽酸鎂管柱淨化，將流洗液濃縮並定量後，以GC/ECNI-MS上機分析。其樣本前處理測試之底泥淨土SCCPs基質添加回收率介於76.3-86.9%，而魚體SCCPs基質添加回收率介於74.6-86.6%。
本研究於15條台灣主要河川枯、豐水期共採集90個底泥樣本及30個魚體樣本，其樣本分析結果顯示，底泥樣本中SCCPs 55.5%Cl總平均濃度及範圍為0.597 mg/kg dw (0.244-1.401 mg/kg dw)，以淡水河本流最高，而以新城溪最低，其C10-13同源物平均濃度及範圍為0.248 mg/kg dw (ND-0.821 mg/kg dw)、0.124 mg/kg dw (ND-0.902 mg/kg dw)、0.077 mg/kg dw (ND-0.684 mg/kg dw)及0.148 mg/kg dw (ND-1.210 mg/kg dw)，以C10濃度最高; 底泥樣本中SCCPs 63%Cl總平均濃度及範圍為0.210 mg/kg dw (0.080-0.720 mg/kg dw)，同樣以淡水河本流最高，而以花蓮溪最低，其C10-13同源物平均濃度及範圍為0.070 mg/kg dw (ND-0.786 mg/kg dw)、0.045 mg/kg dw (ND-0.385 mg/kg dw)、0.034 mg/kg dw (ND-0.400 mg/kg dw)及0.061 mg/kg dw (ND-1.199 mg/kg dw)，以C10濃度最高。魚體樣本中SCCPs 55.5%Cl總平均濃度及範圍為0.259 mg/kg ww (0.014-1.151 mg/kg ww)，以大漢溪吳郭魚最高，而以林邊溪吳郭魚、卑南溪鱸鰻、溪哥及花蓮溪吳郭魚最低，其C10-13同源物平均濃度及範圍為0.068 mg/kg ww (ND-0.584 mg/kg ww)、0.074 mg/kg ww (ND-0.278 mg/kg ww)、0.016 mg/kg ww (ND-0.088 mg/kg ww)及0.101 mg/kg ww (ND-0.404 mg/kg ww)，以C13濃度最高; 魚體樣本中SCCPs 63%Cl總平均濃度及範圍為0.130 mg/kg ww (0.009-1.166 mg/kg ww)，以大漢溪吳郭魚最高，而以南部及東部魚體濃度較低，其C10-13同源物平均濃度及範圍為0.025 mg/kg ww (ND-0.231 mg/kg ww)、0.045 mg/kg ww (ND-0.468 mg/kg ww)、0.007 mg/kg ww (ND-0.045 mg/kg ww)及0.052 mg/kg ww (ND-0.443 mg/kg ww)，以C13濃度最高。綜合以上結果顯示，大部分低氯(SCCPs 55.5%Cl)濃度高於高氯(SCCPs 63%Cl)濃度，且樣本皆以北部地區河川較高。進一步將河川依照主要行業別進行底泥SCCPs同源物濃度比較，結果顯示，僅畜牧業為主要行業別之河川，多以C10濃度最高，可能是於飼料製造或運輸途中受到SCCPs污染，但SCCPs污染源仍有待商榷。另外，將同種魚體樣本進行SCCPs同源物濃度比較，結果顯示，各魚種並無一致SCCPs同源物分布且濃度差異大。
本研究進一步計算SCCPs之BSAF值，不同魚種SCCPs 55.5%Cl C10-13的BSAF分別介於0.06-81.90、0.08-324.42、0.04-18.71及0.06-950.04; SCCPs 63%Cl C10-13的BSAF分別介於0.07-16.64、0.20-1036.23、0.07-23.76及0.12-2116.21。兩者皆以高屏溪海鰱BSAF最高，但發現魚體體型與BSAF較高並無關聯，因此將魚體依棲息特性區分為底棲性及浮游性魚種，顯示浮游性魚類BSAF皆高於底棲性魚類，其原因仍須進一步探討。

Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are widely used in many kinds of industrial products. SCCPs have three environmental characteristics, including persistent in the environment, the potential for long range transporting, and bioaccumulation. However, little is known about the profile of environmental SCCPs in Taiwan. The present study are aimed to establish the pretreatment procedure, analytical method including quality assurance and quality control for SCCPs measurement in sediments and fish in rivers, and then to investigate the levels of SCCPs in sediments and fish during dry and wet seasons of the principal rivers in Taiwan. Finally, the Biota/Sediment Accumulation Factors (BSAF) will be calculated to realize the bio-concentration and bioaccumulation characteristics of SCCPs in the Taiwan river environment.
Ninety sediment samples are extracted by microwave-assisted extraction and used Tetrabutyl-ammonium (TBA) sulfite to remove sulfur-containing compounds. Thirty fish samples are extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and acidic washing. The cleanup of SCCPs in the samples by acid silica gel and florisil column, and then gas chromatography /electron capture negative ion (ECNI) low resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze the SCCPs. The average concentration of SCCPs 55.5%Cl and 63%Cl in the sediment samples are 0.597 and 0.210 mg/kg dw respectively. The highest level was found in C10 congener. The average concentration of SCCPs 55.5%Cl and 63%Cl in the fish samples are 0.259 and 0.130 mg/kg ww respectively. The highest level was found in C13 congener. And the highest BSAF was found in C13 congener. The SCCPs concentration of sediment and fish samples in the northern region of the river are higher those in the other area, and the concentrations of SCCPs 55.5% Cl were higher than SCCPs 63% Cl. The source of pollution for SCCPs has not been clarified and the further research is needed.

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行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所，底泥採樣方法，NIEA S104.31B
行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所，矽酸鎂淨化法，NIEA M182.01C
行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所，矽膠淨化法，NIEA M183.01C
行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所，去硫淨化法，NIEA M186.01C
行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所，污泥廢棄物中總固體、固定性及揮發性固體含量檢測方法，NIEA R212.02C
行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所，環境檢驗方法偵測極限測定指引，NIEA PA107
中文百科在線http://www.zwbk.org/indexTrade.aspx
嘉義縣義竹鄉南興國民小學 - 健康成長‧多元學習 漁鄉風情http ://www.nses.cyc.edu.tw/html/fish/
台灣濕地保護聯盟 - 致力濕地與其相關生態保護！http://www.wetland.org.tw/kh/uanchaun/animal/sea/sea.html
台灣Wiki http://www.twwiki.com/
行政院環境保護署 環境資源資料庫 營運中公有垃圾掩埋場資料
http://erdb.epa.gov.tw/ERDBIndex.aspx