前言：立定跳遠動是國際上認可且常用於評估兒童及青少年下肢肌力、爆發力的有效檢測方式，也是衝刺及跳躍相關運動表現的重要預測因子，然而學齡前兒童在立定跳遠動作分析之運動學量化研究雖多，卻少有利用新型穿戴式科技客觀剖析學齡前兒童立定跳遠不同分期動作之品質。
目的：本研究利用內含九軸加速器、陀螺儀、地磁儀之穿戴式裝置(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)，分析立定跳遠不同分期之運動學特徵參數，探討四至七歲學齡前兒童立定跳遠表現之關鍵運動學參數、動作型態與相關能力發展程度，不僅作為強化學齡前兒童與立定跳遠相關運動能力發展之方向，也建立未來相對複雜運動技巧上之基礎能力。
方法：研究對象以4歲至7歲（平均60.1 ± 11.86月）之男童88位、女童81位，共計169人次，進行立定跳遠動作測驗，將穿戴式裝置配戴在胸口、右手腕、右大腿、雙腳腳踝，蒐集包含每次跳躍過程之預備期重心高度變化量(°)、預備期手臂後擺角度(°)、起跳瞬間手臂前擺角度(°)、預備期至起跳瞬間擺臂角度變化量(°)、預備期髖關節角度(°)、預備期膝關節角度(°)、起跳瞬間髖關節角度(°)、起跳瞬間膝關節角度(°)、預備期至起跳瞬間之髖關節平均角速度(度數/秒)、預備期至起跳瞬間之膝關節平均角速度(度數/秒)、預備期至起跳瞬間之髖和膝關節整體平均角速度(度數/秒)，共十一項運動學參數，尋找各運動學參數對動作表現之相關性與影響力，統計方法首先透過立定跳遠成績分成高、低表現兩組，將成績表現與各運動學參數進行獨立樣本t檢定 (Independent t-test) 與單因子共變數分析 (One-way ANCOVA) ，驗證穿戴式裝置蒐集之各運動學參數對立定跳遠成績表現的效果，以皮爾森積差相關 (Pearson Correlation) 分析萃取影響立定跳遠表現之相關生理因子、運動學參數，透過逐步迴歸分析 (Stepwise Regression Analysis) 建立迴歸公式找出對立定跳遠表現具有預測力之相關運動學參數。
結果：經結果顯示高表現組較低表現組在生理因子部分：年齡年長 40.54 % 、身高多 9.16 % 、體重多 13.07 % 、BMI低 5 % (p <.05)；上肢運動學參數部分：起跳瞬間手臂前擺角度高 49.63 %、預備期至起跳瞬間擺臂角度變化量高 40.73 % (p <.05)；下肢運動學參數部分：預備期髖關節角度低 33.35 %、預備期膝關節角度低 21.35 %、預備期至起跳瞬間髖和膝關節整體平均角速度快 34.54 %、預備期至起跳瞬間髖關節平均角速度快 20.03 %、預備期至起跳瞬間膝關節平均角速度快 12.91 % 皆達顯著差異(p <.05)，以年齡為共變數分析時，運動學參數部分的結果亦相同。
皮爾森積差相關性分析顯示年齡 (r = 0.672, p < 0.001 ) 、身高 (r = 0.490, p < 0.001) 、體重 (r = 0.301, p = 0.001) 、BMI (r = -0.176, p = 0.022) 與起跳瞬間手臂前擺角度 (r = 0.279, p < 0.001) 、預備期至起跳瞬間擺臂角度變化量 (r = 0.233, p = 0.002 ) 、預備期髖關節角度 (r = -0.349, p < 0.001) 、預備期膝關節角度 (r = -0.259, p = 0.001 ) 、預備期至起跳瞬間髖關節之平均角速度 (r = 0.220, p = 0.004) 、預備期至起跳瞬間膝關節之平均角速度 (r = 0.183, p = 0.017) 、預備期至起跳瞬間髖和膝關節整體平均角速度 (r = 0.343, p < 0.001) 皆與立定跳遠表現有顯著相關(p <.05)。
由逐步迴歸分析結果顯示年齡 (t = 11, p < 0.001) 、預備期至起跳瞬間髖和膝關節整體平均角速度 (t = 2.99, p = 0.003) 、預備期膝關節角度 (t = -2.679, p = 0.008) 以及預備期髖關節角度 (t = -2.593, p = 0.01)與立定跳遠動作表現具有顯著相關 (R = 0.74, p = 0.01) 且預測力達53.7% (調整後R² = 0.537)。
結論：本研究透過穿戴式裝置分析兒童立定跳遠表現，發現年齡、身高、體重、BMI會是影響立定跳遠成績表現之重要生理因子，表示學齡前兒童生長發育歷程與立定跳遠表現高度相關，在運動學參數部分，具有影響力的上肢動作範圍包括起跳瞬間手臂前擺角度、預備期手臂後擺至前擺的角度變化量，下肢動作則為預備期時髖和膝關節角度、從預備期到起跳瞬間髖和膝關節角度整體和分別之平均角速度，而年齡、預備期至起跳瞬間髖和膝關節整體平均角速度、預備期膝關節角度、預備期髖關節角度為影響立定跳遠動作表現之關鍵參數。
建議：結果證明穿戴式裝置已能有效利用即時數據對照進行動作修正，未來在進行學齡前兒童跳躍相關運動的實際教學或動作分析實驗時，將穿戴式裝置配戴在大腿及腳踝處，偵測學齡前兒童下蹲及起跳時關節變化幅度與角速度即可達到主要分析效果，若還需要其他參數輔助則可配戴手腕以進一步偵測手臂擺幅變化。

Background: Standing long jump (SLJ) is often used as a test to evaluate the muscular strength and power of the lower extremity in children and adolescents. However, few studies have so far been conducted to analyze the movement patterns of the SLJ performance in preschool children at different stages with advanced wearable technology.
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the kinematic parameters of the SLJ performance in children at different stages with wearable nine-axis inertial measurement units.
Method: A total of 169 children aged 4 to 7 (average 60.1 ± 11.86 months) were chosen as the subjects to perform standing long jumps. According to their performance scores, those ranked among the top 30% were treated as the high-performance group, while those ranked among the bottom 30% were treated as the low-performance group. The data of the SLP performance were captured by five wearable nine-axis inertial measurement units worn by the subject, with a total of 11 kinematic parameters, including variance of arms swing angle in preparation (PRE-TO arms swing)(°), arms swing forward angle in takeoff (TO arms swing)(°), arms swing backward angle in preparation (PRE arms swing)(°), variance of center of gravity change in preparation (PRE CG)(°), hip joint angle in preparation (PRE hip)(°), knee joints angle in preparation (PRE knee)(°), hip joints angle in take-off (TO hip)(°), knee joints angle in take-off (TO knee)(°), hip and knee joint overall average angular velocity from preparation to takeoff (PRE-TO OAAV hip and knee)(deg/sec), hip joint average angular velocity from preparation to takeoff (PRE-TO AAV hip)(deg/sec), knee joint average angular velocity from preparation to takeoff (PRE-TO AAV knee)(deg/sec). Based on the collected data, t-test and One-Way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the motion quality of the SLJ performance and make comparisons between the high-performance group and the low-performance group in terms of SLJ kinematic parameters. Pearson Correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between each parameter and the SLJ performance, and the stepwise regression analysis was conducted to explore the key parameters affecting the SLJ performance in children.
Results: In terms of anthropometric parameters, the high-performance group was 40.54 % older in age, 9.16 % taller in height, 13.07 % heavier in weight, and 5 % lower in BMI than the low-performance group (p<.05); With regard to the kinematics parameters of the upper extremity, the high-performance group was 49.63 % higher in TO arms swing, and 40.73 % higher in variance of PRE-TO arms swing (p<.05). With regard to the kinematic parameters of the lower extremity, the high-performance group was 33.35 % lower in the PRE hip, 21.35 % lower in the PRE knee, 34.54 % faster in the PRE-TO OAAV hip and knee, 20.03 % faster in the PRE-TO AAV hip, and 12.91 % faster in the PRE-TO AAV knee (p < .05).
The results of Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the variables of age, height, weight, BMI, TO arms swing, variance of PRE-TO arms swing, PRE hip, PRE knee, PRE-TO OAAV hip and knee, PRE-TO AAV hip, PRE-TO AAV knee were significantly correlated with the performance of standing long jump (p < .05).
As for age, PRE-TO OAAV hip and knee, PRE knee, and PRE hip were the critical kinematic parameters affecting the performance of standing long jump (R² = 0.537, p = 0.01).
Conclusion: The wearable device is effective as an instrument used to collect data for analysis to improve jump-related motion performance. In addition to the anthropometric factors of age, height, weight, and BMI, the kinematic parameters of the overall average angular velocity and the hip and knee joint angle of the lower extremity in the pre-takeoff moment were decisive factors for the SLJ performance in children.
Suggestion: With the physical growth of children and the muscular strength and explosive power in the lower extremity as the key factors affecting the SLJ performance, wearable devices can be simply fixed on the thigh and unilateral ankle of the subject during a jump-related teaching activity or experiment to capture the data on change of joint angle and angular velocity from preparation to takeoff for an effective jump-related motion analysis.

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