污染物在土水之間的分佈為影響其在環境中傳輸之主要因子，因此，文獻多以批次實驗獲得的土壤-水分配係數(soil-water partition coefficient, Kd)來預測污染物的傳輸。而有機污染物如雙酚A (bisphenol A, BPA)主要累積於土壤有機質中，所以有機碳-水分配係數(organic carbon-water partition coefficient, Koc)比Kd更適合用來探討有機污染物的吸附現象。本團隊過去檢測台南急水溪及鹽水溪中的BPA存在於河川底泥及孔隙水中的濃度，並測定底泥有機碳含量以計算BPA之現地有機碳-水分配係數(in-situ Koc)，結果顯示急水溪之in-situ Koc (13757 L/kg)遠大於其平衡Koc值(778 L/kg)，推測可能是因為孔隙水中的BPA濃度因為水流速度大受河水稀釋而導致in-situ Koc偏離平衡甚遠。因此本研究之研究目的為以機械混和平衡試驗確認環境樣品中BPA之吸脫附狀態，與以管柱試驗探討河水流速對BPA in-situ Koc之影響。
本研究採集了急水溪中下游河段的底泥，研究結果發現經過14天的搖晃平衡後，BPA自底泥有機質中脫附，使Koc從第0天的3292 L/kg 下降至第14天 1344 L/kg，顯示現地BPA是以脫附為主，且經過14天機械混和後現地Koc會逐漸趨近平衡之Koc值。在管柱實驗中，若BPA處於吸附狀態，可觀察到流速與Koc成反比，主要原因是因為BPA在水流流速快的狀態下較難吸附於底泥而導致Koc值較小。然而若BPA處於脫附狀態，Koc值則與水流流速成正比，主要是因為水流流速快時，自底泥中脫附至水相的BPA被稀釋而導致Koc值上升。若進流水中不含BPA，則Koc會隨著流經的孔隙體積(pore volume)增加而線性增加，但若進流水中含有低濃度BPA為背景濃度，則Koc則會收斂至一大於平衡Koc之定值，本研究驗證了河流流速快慢為主宰現地Koc遠大於平衡Koc之主要因子。

The distribution of pollutants between the solid / liquid interface is an important issue in understanding the transport and adsorption of pollutants in the environment. Therefore, the soil-water partition coefficient (Kd) obtained from batch experiments was often applied to predict the movement of pollutants. Since organic pollutants such as bisphenol A (BPA) mainly accumulate on soil organic matter, organic carbon-water partition coefficient (Koc) is more suitable than Kd to investigate the sorption phenomenon of organic pollutants. Our research group detected the BPA concentration of sediments and pore water, and organic carbon content of sediment in the Jishuei River (JS river,急水溪) and Yanshuei River (YS river,鹽水溪) in Tainan to calculate the in-situ Koc. We found that in-situ Koc of JS river (13757 L/kg) was much larger than the equilibrium Koc of 778 L/kg which was from batch experiments. It was speculated that high water velocity of the JS river caused BPA in pore water to be diluted, and unable to reach equilibrium. Therefore, in this study, a mechanical mixing experiment was used to check whether the BPA samples in JS river was in the state of adsorption or desorption, and the column experiments were applied to investigate the influence of water velocity on the change of Koc.
After a 14-day mechanical mixing, the change of Koc in the sediments collected from JS river were calculated. The in-situ Koc of BPA decreased from 3292 L/kg on day-0 to 1344 L/kg on day-14 and gradually approached the value of the equilibrium batch experiment, which means that BPA in the river sediment was in the desorption state. In pulse injection column test, the Koc decreased when water velocity increased, which shows BPA was in adsorption state and harder to distribute on the sediments at higher water velocity. On the contrary, in the continuous injection column test, the Koc values were proportional to the water velocity, suggesting that BPA was in desorption state and the desorbed BPA was diluted at a high water velocity, resulting in larger Koc values. In the absence of BPA background concentration in the feed water, the Koc values increase linearly as the pore volume increases. By contrast, under the feed water containing low concentration of BPA, Koc increases with increasing in the pore volume, but gradually converges to a constant and reaches dynamic equilibrium. Thus, this study verifies that flow velocity is the key factor that dominates the in-situ Koc values far greater than the equilibrium Koc value.

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