國家競爭力此一課題雖然在學術界或是企業界均被廣泛地討論，然而截至今日仍缺乏對國家競爭力共通的定義及衡量方式。目前最具公信力的衡量機制是由IMD (管理發展機構)及WEF(世界經濟論壇) 每年所公佈的國家競爭力報告，然而其具備之實質信度及有效性仍為專家學者及政策制定者所質疑。波特於其國家競爭優勢一書中提出了一個較以往更為整體性及完整性之架構。波特建立了一個鑽石模式來分析及衡量一國之國家競爭力。此儹石模型包含了要素條件、需求條件、支援及相關產業、企業策略制定之內涵及競爭態勢、政府和機遇。然而，波特的鑽石模型仍然停留在概念性階段，它鮮少被學者專家採用來比較國家之間的競爭力。

本研究主要研究目的為藉由資料包絡分析法(DEA)及標竿分析法來比較亞洲十四個國家的國家競爭力以及找出讓這些國家提升目前競爭力及生產力之路徑及方式。本研究採用了波特的鑽石模型為主要之研究架構，來發展出適合亞洲國家競爭力評比的模式。本研究之資料來源為WEF在2000及2001的年度競爭力報告。根據此一架構，本研究並設計評比問卷來找出各個指標的相對重要性。

研究結果發現，在這14個亞洲國家中，日本、新加坡及香港在2000及2001的表現是較為理想的，在DEA的分析中，均位在效率前緣線上。而印尼、越南、印度、中國大陸及孟加拉則應付出更多的努力來改善本國的效率。台灣、泰國、韓國、馬來西亞、菲律賓及斯里蘭卡則已在改善的路徑上。此外，透過多元尺度分析法(MDS)，發現日本在競爭力的發展上，正積極改善其本國之人力資源、知識資本，財務資本累積及群聚效果發展。而新興工業化國家，則努力強化其市場滲透及消費者知覺。而越南、菲律賓等相對較未開發國家，則應將其發展重心著重於基礎建設及政府效率上。

The issue of national competitiveness has been discussed extensively in academic and managerial oriented research for decades. But there is still no standardized and satisfactory definition for national competitiveness. The measurements of national competitiveness from IMD (Institute for Management Development) and WEF (World Economic Forum) have been recognized as two of the most widely accepted measurement. However, they often have been criticized for their reliability and actuality.

Porter provides a more holistic framework to measure the competitiveness of a nation. Porter builds a diamond model with six determinants to determine a nation’s competitive advantage, including factor condition, demand condition, supporting and related industries, context to firm strategy and rivalry, government and chance. However, Porter’s diamond model has remained in its conceptual stage. It is seldom adopted by scholars to compare national competitiveness among countries.

The purpose of this study is to compare the overall productivity among 14 Asian countries and the way to improve the competitiveness condition and productivity of those countries using DEA and benchmarking analysis.

This study adopts Porter’s diamond model and develop an assessment framework to measure the competitiveness of 14 Asian countries. The data was collected from WEF’s annual report of 2000-2001. Based on the assessment framework, a questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the importance of each measurement indicators.

The results indicated that for 14 Asian countries, Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore seem to achieve its competitiveness in the efficient frontier. Indonesia, Vietnam, India, China, and Bangladesh should exercise more effort to promote its domestic efficiency in the diamond model. In addition, Taiwan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Sri Lanka seem to perform in the middle of road among 14 Asian countries. From the result of MDS analysis, it is found that Japan strives to emphasize on human resources, knowledge resources, capital resources development and the cluster development. The newly industrial countries struggle to improve the market penetration and customer orientation conditions. Contrary to those developed counties, the less developed countries like Vietnam, Philippines and Indonesia focused more on governmental efficiency.

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