電子、電鍍、金屬加工及顏料等工業製程會排放大量含銅廢水，因此衍生許多環境問題。流體化床結晶(FBC)技術為能解決傳統混凝沉澱法生成高含水率污泥缺點，並回收低含水率之難溶性鹽類或氧化物結晶顆粒，藉以回收廢水中的重金屬。本研究以200 ppm低濃度含銅合成廢水作為進料，以含鐵成分擔體(support)如實廠副產物顆粒磷酸亞鐵與ND3(α-FeOOH)作為晶種(seed)，利用碳酸氫鈉作為沉澱劑，於FBC反應器中回收銅鹽結晶。利用瓶杯實驗探討FBC之操作條件，結果顯示銅離子會隨著不同pHf，而形成不同的銅鹽沉澱物，包含水藍銅磐(Cu4(SO4)(OH)6．H2O)、鹼式碳酸銅(Cu2(OH)2CO3)以及氧化銅(CuO)。在FBC系統中，實驗參數包括滯留時間(ts.s)、回流口酸鹼值(pHe)、碳酸對銅進料莫爾比([CO3] / [Cu])、截面負荷(LCu)、含鐵擔體物種及擔體顆粒粒徑等。在最適化的操作條件下([Cu],in = 209 ppm, pHe = 8.63, [CO3] / [Cu] = 1.21, HRT = 10.9 min, L = 0.57 kg /m2‧hr, Fe3(PO4)2擔體尺寸 = 1.00-1.41 mm, 擔體靜床高= 30 cm, 擔體浮動床高 = 45 cm)，銅結晶率(CR)與去除率(TR)分別達到93.1 %與99.7 %，出流水銅濃度可降至0.353 ppm。提高進料濃度至[Cu]in = 689 ppm，即提高系統截面負荷至1.97 kg /m2‧hr，控制 pHe = 8.2±0.7、[CO3] / [Cu] = 1.4 ± 0.2等條件下，其CR可達89 %，TR約為99.7 %。此外，以進料[Cu]in = 400 ± 10 ppm，兩種含鐵顆粒在相對應的最佳化條件下操作240分鐘，可達7.36 mg-Cu/g的銅批覆量，兩種含鐵擔體的銅披覆量差異不明顯。
最後，在FBC產品鑑定方面，由顆粒外觀顏色可發現實驗前後有很大的差異，經由SEM分析結果可了解產品顆粒內外部為相異結晶結構的產物。結晶顆粒的XRD分析結果為非晶相(Amorphous phase)之鹼式碳酸銅(Cu2(OH)2CO3)。另一方面，以EDS和Mapping可證實銅鹽批覆於含鐵化合物之擔體上。

This study aims to recover copper from synthetic wastewater and produce Cu / Fe bimetallic material at the same time by fluidized-bed crystallization(FBC) technology. The FBC technology can solve the flaws of chemical precipitation method which produce high water content sludge, and recover the poorly soluble salt or oxide crystal particles with low water content from wastewater. In this study, ferrous phosphate and ND3 (α-FeOOH) particles from factories’ products were used as seeds, and sodium bicarbonate was used as precipitant. Under optimum operating conditions ([Cu]in = 209 ppm, pHe = 8.63, [CO3] / [Cu] = 1.21, HRT = 10.9 min, LCu = 0.57 kg / m2·hr, Fe3(PO4)2 diameters = 1.00 - 1.41 mm, static bed height = 30 cm, floating bed height = 45 cm), copper crystallization rate (CR) and total removal rate (TR) could reach 93.1 % and 99.7 % respectively. The outflow soluble copper concentration ([Cu]s) could drop to 0.353 ppm. Besides, with the feed concentration [Cu]in = 400 ± 10 ppm, both of the two iron-containing particles operated for 240 minutes under the corresponding optimum conditions could reach up to 7.36 mg-Cu / g-seeds. Finally, the SEM analysis results showed different crystal structures of the inside and outside of the product particles. The XRD analysis of the crystal particles showed an amorphous phase of basic copper carbonate (Cu2(OH)2CO3). EDS and Mapping analysis showed that the copper salt was coated on the carriers successfully.

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