有機錫化合物(Organotin compounds, OTCs)廣泛應用在殺螺劑（molluscicides）、殺菌劑、船舶漁具防污漆（antifouling paints）等，其中三苯基錫(Triphemyltin, TPhT)與三丁基錫(Tributyltin, TBT)對水生螺貝類可能產生生殖與生長發育毒性，有機錫可經由使用及廢棄過程釋放至環境，經食物鏈生物濃縮與累積效應進而危害水生物及人體。本研究目的為針對花蓮縣玉里鎮台灣蜆養殖區進行有機錫污染程度與來源調查，探討養殖場相關環境介質（底泥）與台灣蜆有機錫成分含量分布之相關性，並配合相關之周界環境濃度（福壽螺、稻田土壤、灌溉圳道底泥）與環境資料進行污染來源調查，並探討福壽螺性變異發生情形與建立有機錫之生物－底泥累積係數(Biota/Sediment Accumulation Factor, BSAF)。研究結果顯示，台灣蜆TPhT檢出率100%，平均濃度為317.98±171.99 μg/kg乾重，福壽螺TPhT檢出率為95.65%，平均濃度為1082.5±1708.5μg/kg乾重，性變異比例達95.48%，稻田土壤以檢出苯基錫為主，TPhT濃度102.5±114.4μg/kg乾重，養殖池與圳道底泥有機錫濃度均很低。由各介質間有機錫含量分布情形探討發現，台灣蜆養殖池底泥與台灣蜆之有機錫分布不相同，稻田土壤與福壽螺、福壽螺與台灣蜆之間的有機錫分布一致，均以苯基錫污染為主，顯示在台灣蜆體內之有機錫與福壽螺以及稻田土壤為相同污染來源，由結果與相關資料佐證後可確定為違法使用三苯基錫類農藥為污染來源，顯示該養殖區的確遭受到三苯基錫農藥污染。依據所計算之生物可利用係數（BSAF）顯示，福壽螺與台灣蜆均以TPhT之生物可利用性最高。進一步依據前驅與主要試驗之台灣蜆TPhT含量及國人平均食用量進行健康風險推估，結果其危害指標HI為0.004（0.001-0.009）與0.013（0.001-0.023），遠小於1，表示不會對人體健康產生危害，但對於養殖安全與生態環境已造成威脅。建議農委會漁業署應立即宣導農漁民禁止違法使用三苯基錫類農藥，避免污染情形擴大，以維護台灣蜆養殖及生態環境之安全。

Organotin compounds (OTCs) have been widely used as molluscicides, bactericides, antifouling paints. Triphenyltin (TPhT) and tributyltin (TBT) were found as reproductive toxicants for snails and bivalves even at low levels. OTCs would be released into environment via the manufacture and usage of products and waste disposal, and then threaten living organisms through bio-concentration and bio-accumulation. The aims of this study are to investigate the contaminated levels and sources of OTCs in environmental media and Corbicula fluminea which was cultivated at San-min Li, and then to probe the correlation between OTCs patterns of C. fluminea and environmental media (Pomacea canaliculata, paddy-field soil and sediment in the irrigation ditches). Finally, all data were integrated to find out the possible contamination routes and sources. Besides, imposex identification of female P. canaliculata were also implemented. Then the investigated data were used to evaluate the biota/sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) between sediment and bivalve. The results show that detectable percentile of TPhT in C. fluminea was 100% and average concentration was 317.98±171.99 μg/kg dry wt. The detectable percentile of TPhT in P. canaliculata was 100% and average concentration of TPhT was 1082.5±1708.5 μg/kg dry wt and incidence of imposex was 95.48%. Phenyltins detected in paddy field soil were major compounds in the patterns and concentration of TPhT was 102.5±114.4μg/kg dry wt. Low levels organotin compounds were detected in sediment of aquiculture pool or irrigation ditches. Then, the patterns of organotin between C. fluminea and sediment of aquiculture pool were different, but the pattern in P. canaliculata was consisted with C. fluminea and paddy field soil which are mainly contaminated by phenyltins. The results reveal that the contaminated sources of environmental media were identical and the contaminated sources came from illegally usage of triphenyltin as pesticides. It also confirmed that the aquaculture environment of C. fluminea was contaminated by Triphenyltin. According to the calculated BSAF in this study, TPhT is the most bioavailable compounds in C. fluminea and P. canaliculata among six kinds of organotin compounds. The risk assessment results show that hazard index was less than 1, and it revealed that consuming C. fluminea from this area by general population would not cause health hazard, but the contamination have threatened the safety of aquaculture area and ecological system. We suggest that COA should ban the illegal use of triphenyltin immediately to prevent more contamination and protect C. fluminea cultivating and ecological system.

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