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研究生: 蘇昭宇
Su, Zhao-Yu
論文名稱: 非平坦地形割草機器人之研製
Development of an automatic mowing robot for uneven terrains
指導教授: 周榮華
Chou, Jung-Hua
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工程科學系
Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 72
中文關鍵詞: 割草機器人非平坦地形牛耕田式路徑
外文關鍵詞: Mowing Robt, Uneven Terrians, Boustrophedon Path
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  • 本論文研發一台能夠克服非平坦地形以及濕滑草底的自動割草機器人。在臺灣的農業環境當中,地面經常因澆灌形成部分泥濘,且較鬆軟的土地則與輪胎之摩擦係數較低,容易造成輪胎空轉,為了適應類似的地形,機器人以大腳車的機構作為設計參考,搭配較長的懸吊行程,以應對較為崎嶇之地形。
    機器人以Arduino Mega 2560作為控制中樞,用以處理馬達控制訊號及感測器資訊,並以PID控制馬達轉速,搭配MPU6050,在行進中時刻修正運動行為,只需要將特徵物,置於欲工作範圍的四個角落,機器人就能自主實施牛耕田路徑覆蓋工作範圍。
    使用設計之割草部件進行割草,透過行星齒輪與刀具結合產生低速雙向旋轉之刀具,藉由刀刃交錯時,類似剪刀切割的方式,以達到較低能耗與安全性之目的。實驗結果顯示本論文設計之割草機構能夠割除雜草。

    This study presents an automatic mowing robot which can be used on slopes and slippery environments of farms for grass mowing. The ground of slippery grass has a small frictional coefficient for the wheel tires of the robot; thus, it is likely to cause the tires to skid. In order to adapt the rough terrains of farms, the robot uses a large wheel mechanism as a design reference. The long suspension stroke mechanism enables the robot overcome the rough terrain more easily.
    The robot uses Arduino Mega 2560 as the control center to process motor control signals and sensor information, and uses PID control to control the motor speed with the MPU6050 to correct the motion behavior at all times during travel.
    In order to lower the energy consumption and to enhance mowing safety when mowing, a planetary gear set is combined with the cutting blades to produce a low-speed bidirectional rotating cutter. The designed mechanism mows similarly to scissor cutting when the blades are arranged for low-speed cutting to reduce safety concerns due to high-speed splashing. Experimental results show that the present robot mows grass successfully.

    摘要 i Extended Abstract ii 致謝 viii 目錄 ix 圖目錄 xii 表目錄 xvii 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機與目的 1 1-3 文獻回顧 2 1-3-1 割草背景文獻回顧 2 1-3-2 割草機器人設計文獻回顧 3 1-3-3 割草機器人路徑規劃文獻回顧 4 1-3-4 避障文獻回顧 6 1-3-5 割草機構文獻回顧 8 1-4 論文架構 13 第二章 軟硬體系統架構與介紹 14 2-1 系統架構 14 2-1-1 幾何尺寸介紹 16 2-2 硬體介紹 17 2-2-1 微型單板電腦 17 2-2-2 微控制器 18 2-2-3 直流降壓模組 20 2-2-4 直流馬達 20 2-2-5 馬達驅動模組 21 2-2-6 電源模組 22 2-2-7 網路攝影機 22 2-2-8 電壓顯示模組 23 2-2-9 增量型編碼器 24 2-2-10 電池 25 2-2-11 三軸加速度陀螺儀 25 2-3 電路介紹: 26 2-4 軟體介紹 27 2-4-1 機構設計 27 2-4-2 機構實現 28 2-4-3 微控制器程式編寫 29 2-4-4 影像處理軟體 30 第三章 機構設計與自走控制 31 3-1 機構設計考量 31 3-1-1 設計之選擇 31 3-1-2 機器人動力機構設計 32 3-2 割草機構設計 39 3-3 動力配置 42 3-4 碰撞偵測 44 3-5 路經規劃與自走控制 46 第四章 實驗結果與討論 47 4-1 PID控制馬達速度實驗 47 4-2 IMU感測器精準度測試實驗 49 4-3 割草區域邊界偵測實驗 50 4-4 爬波測試 52 4-5 牛耕田路徑行走測試 55 4-6 避障測試 57 4-6-1 側面避障測試 57 4-6-2 正面避障測試 60 4-7 割草測試 61 第五章 結論與建議 67 5-1 結論 67 5-2 建議 67 參考文獻 69

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