| 研究生: |
黃偉哲 Huang, Wei-Je |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
水流通過透水式橋墩保護工之流況分析 Flow Analyze of Water Flow Passing Through Bridge Pier Porous Protection Structure |
| 指導教授: |
呂珍謀
Leu, Jan-Mou 賴泉基 Lai, Chan-Ji |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系 Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2002 |
| 畢業學年度: | 90 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 86 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 保護工 、滲流量 、二次流 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | seepage, protection structure, secondflow |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:72 下載:1 |
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中文摘要
本文藉由實驗來模擬水流通過透水式橋墩保護工的流況,針對保護工頂部及上下游的流速分佈進行量測,並計算通過保護工內部之滲流量。在保護工處屬於粗糙床的部分,其流速剖面內區中之流速分佈其實驗結果顯示,實驗值比理論值大,其原因乃是此處因橋墩的存在使得斷面束縮,又因保護工本身具透水性使得水流會往保護工內部之方向滲流入保護工內部。而從整個流速剖面來看,水流在近底床處因礫石的拖曳效應使得此處的流速有減小的趨勢,在靠近水表面處則因二次流效應之影響,所以此處之流速亦有減小的現象產生,因此整個流速剖面是呈現一個類似S形狀的流速剖面,所以在保護工頂部之流速分佈並不符合流速剖面中的對數律分佈。
在滲流量方面,以往在量測流量時都將這一部份忽略,因而造成流量計算上的誤差。本文中對保護工內部滲流量之計算方法是利用上游流量減去保護工頂部之流量所得之差即保護工內部之滲流量,實驗結果顯示,越往保護工下游其滲流量越大,當流量越大時,滲流量與總流量之比值也越小,而在低流量時,其滲流可達到32%,這表示在低流量時若將滲流量忽略將會導致流量計算上有相當大的誤差產生,因而影響到水工結構物在設計上的安全考量。
Abstract
Top and seepage flows passing through bridge pier porous protection structure, such as the riprap or neonychium, are studied experimentally. Velocity profiles are measured at several locations, at the front, top and rear of the piers; thus, the amount of the seepage through the neonychium can be estimated by deduction of the inflow from the top flow integrations. It is also observed that the vertical velocity distribution is gradually becoming non-logarithmic, as the measuring point is closer to the piers.
On top of the riprap, the velocity of at the lower part of the flow is higher than that at the upper part. This is due to vertical contraction of the neonychium, and the velocity profile has an S shape.
The result displays that the seepage in the downstream is large than that at the upstream. It is also observed that the amount of the seepage depends on the porosity and the water level difference at the up and downstream of the pier section. This is particularly important to the low flow since the ratio of the seepage to the total discharge in the experiments have a value of up to 32%.
The above results also imply that river flow measurement at the bridge section tend to be in error, if the real velocity profile and amount of the seepage under the riprap are not considered. More studies are still needed to find relations between the types of riprap to the velocity profile and the amount of the seepage flow.
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