本研究主要目標為探討重型柴油引擎在動力計測試下尾氣排放毒性污染物之特性，並且評估不同控制技術對毒性污染物排放的減量效率。本研究主要使用定容積稀釋系統，測量重型柴油引擎排放毒性污染物，包含PAHs、PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDEs。實驗參數以市售超級柴油(B1)為基準，進行加裝氧化觸媒(B1+DOC)及濾煙器(B1+DPF) 與使用低硫柴油(S10，含硫量<10ppmv)及生質柴油(B10)等不同控制技術之測試。研究成果如下。
暫態測試結果顯示B1、B1+DOC、B1(S10)、B1+DPF與B10之Total PAHs排放係數分別為672、44.7、87.1、40.7及101 μg/bhp-h。Total PCDD/Fs I-TEQ排放係數分別為24.0、7.04、13.4、7.71及73.2 pg I-TEQ/bhp-h。Total PCBs TEQ排放係數分別為2.68、1.12、2.47、0.103及1.59 pg TEQ/bhp-h。B1、B1+DOC、B1(S10)之Total PBDEs排放係數分別為351、146及55.0 ng/bhp-h。
在氣固相分佈上，結果顯示，除了B1+DPF與B10之PCDD/Fs排放廢氣組成以固相為主，介於65.2~97.3%，其餘測試條件與毒性污染物之排放廢氣組成皆以氣相污染物為主，其中氣相PAHs佔 81.7~98.4%，氣相PCDD/Fs佔53.4~61.4%，氣相PCBs佔61.1~81.9%，氣相PBDEs佔50.0~83.7%。
以B1為基準，在使用DOC後，對柴油引擎排放廢氣中4種毒性污染物之減量率，分別為PAHs之93.5%， PCBs之72.5%， PBDEs之59.6%，PCDD/Fs之46.6%。而在使用DPF後，對柴油引擎排放廢氣中3種毒性污染物之減量率，分別為PAHs之93.9%， PCBs之73.4%，PCDD/Fs之19.1%。使用低含硫柴油後，柴油引擎排放廢氣中4種毒性污染物之減量率分別為PBDEs之84.5%， PAHs之87.2%， PCB之33.8%， PCDD/Fs之11.3%。而使用高含量之生質柴油後，柴油引擎排放廢氣中3種毒性污染物之減量率分別為PAHs之85.0%， PCB之69.7%， PCDD/Fs之-1680%。
本研究結果顯示使用氧化觸媒、濾煙器及B1(S10)皆為削減毒性污染物之有效控制技術。而使用B10油品對戴奧辛有生成的效果，但是對於其他污染物皆為有效控制技術。

The characteristic of toxic pollutants from the heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) on a dynamometer was investigated and evaluated the reduction rate of toxic pollutants with different control devices. The constant-volume sampler (CVS) was used to measure the toxic pollutants including PAHs, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs which were emitted from HDDE exhaust. Testing was used on retailed diesel (B1) to establish a baseline measurement and subjected to four additional test cycles; two were fueled with lower sulfur fuel (<10 ppm) (S10), and high-biodiesel fuel (B10), the other two were installed with the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) (B1+DOC) and the diesel particle filter (DPF) (B1+DPF).
The PAH emission factors of B1, B1+DOC, S10, B1+DPF and B10 were 672, 44.7, 87.1, 40.7 and 101μg/bhp-h, respectively. The PCDD/F I-TEQ emission factors of B1, B1+DOC, S10, B1+DPF and B10 were 24.0, 7.04, 13.4, 7.71 and 73.2 pg I-TEQ/bhp-h, respectively. The PCB TEQ emission factors of B1, B1+DOC, S10, B1+DPF and B10 were 2.68, 1.12, 2.47, 0.103 and 1.59 pg TEQ/bhp-h, respectively. The PBDE emission factors of B1, B1+DOC and S10 were 351, 146 and 55.0 ng/bhp-h, respectively. In particle/gas partition, PCDD/Fs in B1+DPF and B10 both primarily consist in particle phase and the range of them is between 65.2~97.3%. However, the particle/gas partition in the other test conditions and toxic pollutants that were mainly existing in gas phase; the total PAHs in gas phase were about 81.7~98.4%, PCDD/Fs in gas phase were 53.4~61.4%, PCBs in gas phase were 61.1~81.9%, and PBDEs in gas phase were 50.0~83.7%.
After using DOC, the reduction rate of these gas-phase PAHs was 93.5%; for those of PCBs, the reduction rate were 72.5%, 59.6% for PBDEs, and 46.6% for PCDD/Fs. The reduction rate of PAHs was 93.9%, 73.4% for PCBs, and 19.1% for PCDD/Fs when DPF was added. After using low sulfur oil, the reduction rate of PAH was 85.4%, 87.2% for PCBs, 33.8% for PBDEs and 11.3% for PCDD/Fs. The reduction rates of PAHs were 85.0%, 69.7% for PCBs, and -1680% for PCDD/Fs when the B10 was used.
In this study, DOC, DPF and low sulfur oil were effective control devices for toxic pollutants. On the other hand, B10 diesel enhanced the formation of PCDD/Fs, but it can still control the other toxic pollutants well.

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