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研究生: 顏世偉
Yan, Shi-Wei
論文名稱: 用於甲醇蒸氣重組反應產製氫氣 之銅鋅氧化物擔體觸媒之研究
A Study on the Supported CuO-ZnO Catalysts for Producing Hydrogen by Steam Reforming of Methanol
指導教授: 翁鴻山
Weng, Hung-Shan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 111
中文關鍵詞: 甲醇蒸氣重組反應、銅鋅觸媒、添加氧化釤之氧化鈰
外文關鍵詞: Steam reforming of methanol, Cu-Zn catalyst
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  • 本論文針對由甲醇以水蒸氣重組反應製氫進行研究。挑選數種適合的觸媒,並以XRD、TPR、BET、SEM測定其基本物理與化學性質。接著做活性測試,在水與甲醇之莫耳比(S/C)為1.5,氧氣與甲醇之莫耳比(O/C)為0.3,反應溫度300℃之條件下,測定甲醇之轉化率、氫氣之生成率以及副產物一氧化碳之濃度,比較這些觸媒的性能。
    首先以γ-Al2O3為擔體製備含不同比例CuO和ZnO之觸媒,發現除ZnO/γ-Al2O3之活性很差外,其他觸媒活性大致相同,然而使用CuO-ZnO為1:1之觸媒,CO濃度較低。若將CuO-ZnO之比例固定在1:1,而擔載在CeO2、SDC(添加氧化釤之氧化鈰)上時,發現擔載在SDC上的擔體觸媒之轉化率較低,但是其對CO的抑制較佳,推測可能是SDC表面提供了穩定的氧空洞,幫助CO氧化之結果。
    接著,針對CuZn11/SDC(活性物CuO:ZnO為1:1,擔載在SDC上之擔體觸媒)改變反應溫度,發現在200℃下就可得到60 %之轉化率,而且CO濃度僅為2%而已。
    此外,由改變反應前還原條件,以及長時間穩定性測試結果發現,這些改變對於活性的影響不大,因此推斷螢石結構的擔體SDC有助於抗燒結性與金屬分散度的提升。
    若以低CO濃度,且在低溫下可獲得不錯的轉化率(60 %),為主要考量目標,則以CuZn11/SDC在200℃時之整體表現最佳。

    This is a study on producing hydrogen by steam reforming of methanol. We choose several suitable catalysts for the reaction, and measuring the basic physical properties and chemical properties of these catalysts through the use of
    XRD,TPR,BET,SEM. Subsequently, with controlling the experimental condition ,S/C(steam-to-methanol mole ratio)equal to 1.5 ,O/C(oxygen-to-methanol mole ratio)=0.3, and the reaction temperature=300 ℃, we determining the methanol conversion, the rate of hydrogen generation, and the concentration of the side product, carbon monoxide, and we can comprehend the performances of these catalysts thus.
    First of all, we prepare γ-Alumina-supported catalysts which containing different CuO-ZnO ratios, and measure the activities of these samples. We found that all the catalysts have similar activity except ZnO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst which has bad activity. However, using the catalyst containing active component CuO-ZnO (1:1)as sample, the result shows a low CO concentration. Furthemore, fixing the CuO-ZnO ratio at 1:1, and supports it by CeO2 ,SDC(Samarium-Doped Ceria), we found that, although the SDC has a lower conversion, it has a better effect of restraining CO generation. We conjecture that the result is due to SDC surface offer stable oxygen vacancies, and these oxygen vacancies enhance the oxidization of CO.
    Subsequently, Changing the reaction temperature of CuZn11/SDC(active component CuO:ZnO =1:1, supported on SDC), the methanol conversion reach 60 % at 200℃, and CO concentration is merely 2 %.
    In addition, Changing the reduction condition before reaction, and testing the stability by a long time, we found that, these changes will not influence activity too much. Therefore, we deduce that the Fluorite-type structure is not only conducive to anti-sintering, but promoting the metal dispersion.
    If our objective is getting low CO concentration at low temperature, and having a well conversion(60%)simultaneously, CuZn11/SDC has best performance at 200 ℃.

    目錄 中文摘要..................................................I 英文摘要.................................................Ⅲ 致謝.....................................................Ⅵ 目錄.....................................................Ⅶ 表目錄.................................................ⅩⅠ 圖目錄.................................................ⅩⅡ 符號說明...............................................ⅩⅣ 第一章 緒論............................................1 1-1 前言.............................................1 1-2 研究動機.........................................2 第二章 基本原理與文獻回顧..............................3 2-1催化基本概念.......................................3 2-1.1活化能.........................................3 2-1.2 奈米科技與觸媒..................................4 2-1.3奈米科技幫助解釋催化機制..........................4 2-2甲醇重組反應.......................................7 2-3觸媒的選擇........................................10 2-3.1甲醇重組器之電腦模擬............................10 2-3.2 非貴金屬觸媒..................................12 2-3.3 γ-Alumina的性質..............................13 2-3.4二氧化鈰及奈米微粒溶膠技術......................15 2-3.5導氧離子材料與SDC..............................21 第三章 實驗方法與步驟..................................27 3-1觸媒的製備........................................27 3-1.1藥品 ..........................................27 3-1.2製備方法.......................................28 3-2物理性質鑑定....................................31 3-2.1 XRD分析......................................31 3-2.2氫氣程溫還原H2-TPR.............................32 3-2.3 BET表面積、孔洞體積及平均孔徑...................34 3-2.4掃描式電子顯微鏡/能量分散儀(SEM/EDS)............36 3-3活性測試.........................................38 3-3.1實驗裝置......................................38 3-3.2實驗步驟......................................38 第四章 實驗結果........................................42 4-1 各儀器校正曲線..................................42 4-1.1微量幫浦校正曲線................................42 4-1.2 氬氣之質子流量器校正曲線.........................43 4-1.3氫氣之質子流量器校正曲線.........................44 4-1.4氧氣之質子流量器校正曲線.........................44 4-2 XRD分析結果....................................45 4-2.1不同活性物擔載在γ-氧化鋁上的X-ray繞射圖...........45 4-2.2不同之金屬氧化物擔體及G66B之X-ray繞射圖...........47 4-2.3由Scherrer,s equation計算結晶大小.................49 4-3 氫氣程溫還原(H2-TPR)...........................50 4-3.1不同活性物擔載在γ-氧化鋁上的H2-TPR圖譜............50 4-3.2不同擔體擔載相同活性物(CuZn11)之H2-TPR圖譜........53 4-4 BET表面積、孔洞體積及平均孔徑...................55 4-4.1γ-Al2O3有無擔載活性物時表面積及孔洞性質之差異.......55 4-4.2 不同擔體及G66B之表面積及孔洞性質.................56 4-4.3 由BET面積數據粗略計算擔體微粒大小................57 4-5 掃描式電子顯微鏡/能量分散儀(SEM/EDS)..........58 4-5.1 γ-Al2O3、CeO2、SDC 擔體之SEM照片..................59 4-5.2 CuZn11/γ-Al2O3 、 CuZn11/CeO2 、 CuZn11/SDC擔體觸媒 與G66B觸媒之SEM圖片及EDS定性/半定量圖譜...........60 4-6 活性測試結果....................................65 4-6.1 γ-Al2O3擔載不同活性物之活性測試...................66 4-6.2不同擔體擔載CuZn11之活性測試結....................68 4-6.3 CuZn11/SDC與G66B之活性測試.......................70 4-6.4 CuZn11/SDC在不同的溫度下的活性測試(不同滯留時間).....71 4-6.5 CuZn11/SDC在不同的溫度下的活性測試(相同滯留時間).....73 4-6.6 CuZn11/SDC在200℃、300℃之測試結果進一步比較.........76 4-6.7改變觸媒還原條件對CuZn11/SDC觸媒活性之影響..........77 4-6.8 CuZn11/SDC穩定性測試..............................79 4-6.9 CuZnM111/SDC活性測試.............................80 第五章 綜合結論與建議.....................................83 5-1 綜合結論...........................................83 5-2 未來研究目標與建議.................................86 參考文獻..................................................87 附錄......................................................91 自述.....................................................111 表 目 錄 表[2-1] 氧化鈰系列添加物之導體能力比較表 ................26 表[3-1] HR FE-SEM規格及附件.............................37 表[4-1] γ-Al2O3有無擔載活性物之孔洞性質差異..............56 表[4-2] 不同擔體及G66B之孔洞性質........................57 表[4-3] γ-Al2O3之EDS半定量測定各元素含量................62 表[4-4] CeO2之EDS半定量測定各元素含量....................62 表[4-5] SDC之EDS半定量測定各元素含量....................63 表[4-6] G66B之EDS半定量測定各元素含量...................64 表[4-7] GC中各成分peak出現的時間........................65 表[4-8] γ-Al2O3擔載不同活性物之活性測試結果..............67 表[4-9] 不同擔體擔載CuZn11之活性測試結果................69 表[4-10] CuZn11/SDC與G66B之活性測試結果.................70 表[4-11] CuZn11/SDC在不同溫度下的活性測試結果 (不同滯留時間).................................72 表[4-12] CuZn11/SDC在不同溫度下的活性測試結果 (相同滯留時間).................................75 表[4-13] 不同還原條件還原觸媒後之活性測試結果............78 表[4-14] CuZnM111/SDC活性測試結果........................82 圖 目 錄 圖[2-1] 甲醇重組器溫度及轉化率分布圖.....................11 圖[2-2] 甲醇重組器各成分濃度分布圖.......................12 圖[2-3] 氧化鋁在製備過程中之變化情形.....................14 圖[2-4] Unit cell of Cerium Dioxide......................15 圖[2-5] Pt/CeO2行CO氧化之機構............................24 圖[2-6] Cu-Ce-O觸媒行CO氧化協合作用模式.................24 圖[3-1] 製備擔體觸媒之煅燒升溫過程.......................31 圖[3-2] 熱重分析儀裝置圖.................................33 圖[3-3] 氫氣程溫還原實驗升溫過程式意圖...................34 圖[3-4] 孔洞分析儀器示意圖...............................35 圖[3-5] Oven 升溫示意圖..................................39 圖[3-6] 活性測試實驗裝置圖...............................41 圖[4-1] 微量幫浦質子流量校正圖...........................42 圖[4-2] Ar之質子流量校正圖...............................43 圖[4-3] 氫氣之質子流量校正圖.............................44 圖[4-4] O2之質子流量校正圖...............................44 圖[4-5] 不同活性物擔載在γ- Al2O3上的X-ray繞射圖.........46 圖[4-6] 不同之金屬氧化物擔體及G66B之X-ray繞射圖........48 圖[4-7] 不同活性物擔載在γ- Al2O3上的H2-TPR圖譜..........52 圖[4-8] 不同擔體擔載相同活性物(CuZn11)之H2-TPR圖譜......54 圖[4-9] γ-Al2O3、CeO2與SDC之SEM圖(倍率為四萬五千倍)....60 圖[4-10] 擔體觸媒及G66B之SEM圖片及EDS定性/半定量圖譜....61 圖[4-11] CuZn11/SDC穩定性測試圖...........................79

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