肥粒體基球墨鑄鐵經常被應用在許多高溫結構件，常用於操作最高溫度為共析變態點附近的溫度範圍內，以及必須反覆承受加熱及急冷之狀態，甚至於熱循環後有可能承受外力負荷的狀態。此時，反覆且劇烈之溫度梯度作用，可能導致零件經熱循環後延伸率可能發生明顯地劣化而發生本論文所稱的熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞，降低熱循環時應用的可靠度。因此，探討肥粒體基球墨鑄鐵熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞發生的原因及其改善對策，有其重要性。
為探討肥粒體基球墨鑄鐵熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞之最高加熱溫度效應，本實驗採用反覆加熱/冷卻之熱循環試驗，最高加熱溫度選擇共析變態溫度附近之溫度條件分別為650℃、700℃、750℃、800℃及850℃。實驗結果顯示最高加熱溫度變化對熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞有明顯效應，其共通顯示約在750℃溫度加熱時熱循環後延伸率有一最低值存在，而降低或提升最高溫度皆顯示可抑制熱循環誘發延性劣化的發生。主要理由包括在較低溫度之650℃時，因試片在熱循環過程中之溫度梯度較小，所誘發的熱應力及熱應變較小所致；而在較高溫加熱之800℃時則由於肥粒體晶粒有再結晶現象發生，因而抑制熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞之發生。此外，由於熱循環溫度850℃時，有明顯的麻田散鐵相變態發生，因此並無減緩延性劣化的發生，但有抑制誘發沿晶脆性破壞的效果。
　　球墨鑄鐵在熔煉過程常使用含鎂之鐵-矽合金為球化劑，會形成含鎂的介在物。而利用電解腐蝕方法，可揭露含鎂介在物的分佈形態及聚集程度。由熱循環前後之電解腐蝕及拉伸實驗的結果顯示，聚集的介在物會促進熱循環誘發裂紋的成核，且有大量的塑性變形集中於共晶胞界區域附近，此將導致熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞的發生。此外，最後凝固區域附近晶界上的金屬鎂殘留與熱循環所造成晶界內部氧化，均對熱循環誘發裂紋的傳播有增長的效果，進而也對熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞的發生有促進的影響。
　　介在物聚集程度受材料凝固履歷的影響，介在物的聚集程度隨著矽含量增加而增加，高矽含量的球墨鑄鐵，介在物的聚集程度以及變形阻抗皆較低矽試片高，熱循環誘發裂紋成核成長較容易，因此有明顯的熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞發生。特別是抗高溫氧化性較佳之高矽球墨鑄鐵試料隨著殘鎂量提高，其介在物聚集於共晶胞界區域之數量及金屬鎂殘留於晶界的程度均增加，對於熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞發生有促進的效果。此外，較快凝固速率的試料具有較多的共晶胞界，降低介在物的聚集程度及金屬鎂殘留於晶界的數量，熱循環誘發裂紋成核較不容易且傳播速率也較緩慢，可抑制熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞發生。而肥粒體基球墨鑄鐵中添加合金元素鉬，由於Mo2C於共晶胞界區域附近的生成及鉬元素的晶界強化效應，對於熱循環誘發裂紋的生成及傳播有減緩的效果，且也可抑制抑制熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞發生。
　　另一方面，根據所有試片進行拉伸試驗之結果顯示高矽含量試料明顯的在400℃溫度拉伸時會產生沿晶脆性破壞，而且延伸率急遽劣化。與前述具有一致性的結果是提高殘鎂量對於400℃中溫脆性有促進作用，在拉伸破斷面上可觀察到許多含鎂的介在物聚集及金屬鎂殘留於晶界上，以及提高材料的凝固速率使微觀組織細化，因為含鎂的介在物的分散作用及晶界金屬鎂殘留的程度降低，均可抑制中溫脆性發生。而根據球墨鑄鐵400℃中溫脆性之發生與熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞間關係之檢討結果，可確認兩者之間具有密切關連性存在。經由本研究對肥粒體基球墨鑄鐵熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞的檢討，可理解本材料熱循環誘發沿晶脆性破壞發生原因以及防治方法，進而提高本材料於熱循環應用的信賴度。

　Ferritic spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron is often used as a candidate alloy for structural components that operate at high temperatures and undergo repeated heating/cooling conditions, even the external load after cyclic heating. Under these circumstances, the components periodically operate at a high temperature ranging around AC1 of approximately 850℃. The thermal stress arising from a steep temperature gradient may largely which lead to cyclic heating induced cracking that causes ductility deterioration, which is called cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture in this dissertation, in these components after cyclic heating. The ductility deterioration thus caused reduces the application reliability of this material for cyclic heating. Therefore, it is vital to investigate and prevent the cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture of ferritic SG cast iron.
　The effect of the highest temperature on the cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture of ferritic SG cast iron was investigated during thermal cycling with a temperature range of 25℃ to AC1 (where the temperatures selected were respectively 650℃, 700℃, 750℃, 800℃ and 850℃). The susceptibility to cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture was most severe at the heating temperature of around 750℃. Further increasing or decreasing the heating temperature could prevent the cyclic heating induced ductility deterioration. The better resistance to cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture at the lower heating temperature of 650℃ was related to the smaller temperature gradient within the specimen during thermal cycling. On the other hand, recrystallization of ferrite grains could be observed after heating at the maximum temperature of 800℃. The occurrence of recrystallization could improve the resistance to cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture. In addition, when the temperature of thermal cycling was 850℃, there was a significant deterioration of elongation that resulted from the partial martensite phase transformation of the ferrite matrix.
　Eutectic cell wall regions where inclusion particles are clustered are present in the central region among graphite nodules. The inclusion particles are mainly MgO which are formed since the spheroidizer used in the casting process of SG cast iron contains magnesium, i.e., the Fe-45wt%Si-8wt%Mg alloy. The degree of inclusion particles clustered in the eutectic cell wall regions can be successfully revealed by electrochemical etching. The electrochemical evidences of the specimens before and after cyclic heating and tensile test results, show that the clustered inclusion can promote the nucleation of cyclic heating induced cracks and the cumulative concentration of thermally induced deformations around the eutectic cell wall regions, where completely intergranular brittle fracture occurs. Furthermore, the magnesium at the final solidificational region and the internal oxidation of grain boundaries can promote the propagation of cyclic heating induced cracks, therefore the occurrence of the cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture.
　The degree of inclusion clustering is affected by the soliification history of SG cast irons. The degree of MgO particles concentrationrises as the silicon content increases. Materials with a high silicon content have both higher degree of inclusion clustering and flow stress than those with a low silicon content. Hence, in the case of the former, thermally induced cracks nucleate easily and therefore cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture occurs. Furthermore, in the case of high-silicon SG cast iron that has a better resistance to oxidation, the count of inclusion clustering and the degree of metallic magnesium residues increase as the residual magnesium content rises. This promotes the cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture of high-silicon SG cast iron. In addition, refining microstructures by increasing solidification rate leads to a larger number of eutectic cell wall regions and hence a smaller degree of inclusion particle clustering. A high solidification rate also decreases the degree of the metallic magnesium residues on the grain boundaries of the material. Consequently, thermally induced cracks are hard to nucleate and the cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture is impeded. Since molybdenum is added in the ferritic SG cast iron, the strengthening effect of molybdenum on cell walls together with the formation of Mo2C in the eutectic cell wall regions can impede the formation and propagation of cyclic heating induced cracks and prevent the occurrence of the cyclic heating induced intergranular brittle fracture.
　On the other hand, according to the tensile testing results of high-silicon SG cast iron at 400℃, the intermediate-temperature intergranular embrittlement occurs and the ductility drops drastically. Furthermore, the ductility of high-silicon SG cast iron at 400℃ decrease as the residual magnesium content rises. The fractography indicates an intergranular fracture. Some MgO particles aggregate in the eutectic cell wall regions and metallic magnesium segregation can be detected. Refining of microstructures by iron-mold casting, which has the effect of reducing clustering of MgO particles, can eliminate the intermediate temperature intergranular embrittlement at 400℃. The abovementioned experimental results confirm that there is a close relation between the cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture and the intermediate temperature intergranular embrittlement in this material. Through this study that investigates the cyclic heating induced intergranular fracture of ferritic SG cast iron, the factors affecting the embrittlement behavior are clarified. It is also possible to prevent the occurrence of the embrittlement and improve the application reliability of the material for cyclic heating.

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