液體儲罐是工業領域中常用之液體儲存容器，而地震災害對於液態儲罐的保存存在巨大的威脅。例如2011年日本福岛地震与海啸： 日本2011年發生的9.0級地震引發了嚴重的海嘯，導致福島核電站發生核事故，同樣也對核電站附近的液態天然氣儲罐造成了影響。臺灣處於板塊交界處，地震頻發，儲罐經常受到地震活動影響。儲罐中貯存的液體由於外部地震力干擾產生晃動和潑濺行為，對罐壁產生壓力。該潑濺行為可能對結構物造成潛在的危害，產生儲罐結構破壞，液體洩露等安全性問題，因此對其進行研究和管理至關重要。
由於使用有限元分析軟體ABAQUS進行顯性動力分析耗時時間長，進行多筆地震力分析需要花費過多時間成本。因此本文通過利用SAP2000建立儲槽的簡化模型來模擬儲槽的流固耦合行為。同時通過建立土壤彈簧模擬儲槽受震時的樁土互制效應。本研究分別建立無流體模型和含高度100 mm流體簡化模型。首先將SAP2000模態分析結果與試驗結果進行比較，驗證模型之準確性。之後在多個地震強度範圍下根據設定之不穩定因素建立20組模型，每個模型進行10筆地震歷時分析，最後通過歷時分析得到的數據使用最大似然估計法建立儲罐簡化模型之易損性曲線。

A liquid storage tank is a commonly used liquid storage container in the industrial field, and seismic disasters pose a significant threat to the preservation of liquid tanks. For example, the 2011 Fukushima earthquake and tsunami in Japan: The 9.0 magnitude earthquake that occurred in Japan in 2011 triggered a severe tsunami, resulting in a nuclear accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant and also affecting liquid natural gas tanks near the nuclear power plant. Taiwan is located at the junction of tectonic plates and experiences frequent earthquakes, which often impact storage tanks. The liquid stored in these tanks can experience shaking and splashing due to external seismic forces, putting pressure on the tank walls. This splashing behavior can potentially harm structures, leading to tank structural damage, liquid leaks, and other safety issues, making research and management of utmost importance.
Because conducting explicit dynamic analysis using finite element analysis software like ABAQUS is time-consuming, performing multiple seismic force analyses can incur significant time and cost. Therefore, this study employs a simplified model of the tank using SAP2000 to simulate the fluid-structure interaction of the tank. Additionally, it incorporates soil springs to simulate the pile-soil interaction effects when the tank is subjected to seismic forces. This research establishes both a model without fluid and a simplified model with a 100 mm high fluid. Initially, the SAP2000 modal analysis results are compared with experimental results to validate the accuracy of the model. Subsequently, 20 sets of models are created under various seismic intensity levels based on predefined instability factors. Each model undergoes 10 time history analyses. Finally, vulnerability curves for the simplified tank model are established using data obtained from the time history analysis through the maximum likelihood estimation method。

[1] P. K.Malhotra （2006） Earthquake induced sloshing in tanks with insufficient freeboard. Structural Engineering International.
[2] API （2007） Recommended Practice for Planning , Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms — Working Stress Design. American Petroleum Institute.
[3] 宋學官（2012）流固耦合分析基礎。水利水電出版社。
[4] Praveen K.Malhotra (2000) Simple Procedure for Seismic Analysis of Liquid-Storage Tanks. Structural Engineering International.
[5] Hoang Nam Phan (2016) Fragility analysis methods for steel storage tanks in seismic prone areas. DOI: 10.1115.
[6] Veletsos，A. S. ，YANG, J. Y. (1977) Earthquake response of liquid storage tanks. American Society of Civil Engineers.
[7] Veletsos,,A. S. (1984) Seismic response and design of liquid storage tanks. American Society of Civil Engineers.
[8] Veletsos, A. S. (1990) Seismic response of anchored steel tanks. North Carolina State University.
[9]盧亮宇 (2021) 考量流固耦合及樁土互製效應之儲槽受震反應分析及振動台試驗。國立成功大學論文。
[10]王煒晴 (2022) 考慮流固耦合及樁土互製效應下儲槽受正弦波地震動之有限元素分析。國立成功大學論文。
[11] 劉光晏，陳能鴻，張國鎮，陳家漢，陳正興，翁作新 (2013) 單跨樁基礎橋梁模型之振動台試驗研究。報告編號：NCREE-2013-029。
[12] ASCE/SEI STANDARD4-16 (2016) Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear Structures . American Society of Civil Engineers.
[13]中國建築設計研究院 (2012) SAP2000中文版使用指南（第二版）。人民交通出版社。
[14]李森枏 (2001) 壁式粘彈性阻尼器於建築結構之應用 。報告編號：NCREE-2001-026
[15]楊淳任 (2020) 核能電廠結構元件地震易損性分析方法研究 。
[16]EPRI/TR-103959 (2010) Methodology for Developing Seismic Fragilities. Electric Power Research Institute.
[17] EPRI (2018) Seismic Fragility and Seismic Margin Guidance for Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessments. Electric Power Research Institute.
[18]陳波 (2018) 震動參數的房屋震害矩陣曲線劃分析方法。
[19] EPRI (2002) Seismic Fragility Application Guide. Electric Power Research Institute.