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研究生: 賴國墩
Lai, Guo-Dun
論文名稱: 高熵石榴石結構稀土鐵氧體的磁各向異性與自旋玻璃特性之研究
The Study on Magnetic Anisotropy and Spin Glass Behavior of High Entropy Rare Earth Garnet
指導教授: 齊孝定
Qi, Xiao-Ding
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年: 2026
畢業學年度: 114
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 126
中文關鍵詞: 高熵石榴石有效各向異性自旋玻璃
外文關鍵詞: High entropy garnet, effective anisotropy, spin glass
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  • 本研究以固相合成法製備(Y0.6Sm0.6Eu0.6Dy0.6Er0.6)Fe5O12 (Y=0.6),並以1200 ℃、1250 ℃和1300 ℃持溫24小時燒結,透過X光繞射(XRD)分析確認三個燒結溫度皆能合成出純相高熵固溶體石榴石材料。Williamson-Hall分析指出,Crystallite size隨燒結溫度增加而增大,因此可以觀察到1300 ℃燒結的樣品具有最大的平均粒徑和最緻密的微觀結構。後續進一步以此高熵石榴石成分為基礎,將釔含量減少平均分配於其餘四個稀土離子,分別為(Y0.4Sm0.65Eu0.65Dy0.65Er0.65)Fe5O12 (Y=0.4)、(Y0.2Sm0.7Eu0.7Dy0.7Er0.7)Fe5O12 (Y=0.2)和(Sm0.75Eu0.75Dy0.75Er0.75)Fe5O12 (Y=0)。XRD分析顯示隨著釔含量降低,主峰(420)向低角度偏移,結合TOPAS分析證實離子半徑較大的稀土濃度增加會促使晶格體積膨脹。同時SEM分析也指出組態熵值的提升能顯著抑制晶粒成長。
    在磁性方面,中、高熵系列石榴石樣品矯頑力相較於傳統石榴石材料大幅降低至17.30 Oe至20.01 Oe,主要歸因於隨機取向的磁晶各向異性抵銷,有助於減少磁滯損耗,展現高熵材料典型的雞尾酒效應。截取1000 Oe至15000 Oe磁化曲線以趨近飽和律(LAS)擬合分析,結果顯示有效各向異性常數隨著材料組態熵值提升由23036 erg/cm3顯著上升至28060 erg/cm3,表明晶格扭曲效應隨著熵值的提升,引發更大的應力各向異性。晶格的應變產生許多釘紮點,在磁導率的量測中限制磁疇壁的移動,推升磁導率實部響應至50 MHz,強烈的有效各向異性也擴展旋磁自旋共振頻率至1 GHz。
    高熵效應的混亂度使高熵石榴石材料在低溫下轉變為團簇自旋玻璃態,其凍結溫度Tf與外加磁場的關係可以由de Almeida-Thouless (AT) line擬合,得出平均場值n=0.68、自旋玻璃溫度T_f (0)約為344 K。顯示晶格扭曲效應產生的有效各向異性將原先符合Heisenberg模型的3維翻轉行為的磁矩束縛於局域的易磁化軸上,使磁矩行為降維成1維Ising自旋行為,轉變為極大不可逆性的Ising-like自旋玻璃行為。此種效應也讓高熵石榴石材料在100 Oe的磁場下凍結溫度達到299 K。

    In this study, medium- and high-entropy garnet materials, such as (Y0.6Sm0.6Eu0.6Dy0.6Er0.6)Fe5O12, were prepared via a solid-state synthesis method. XRD analysis proves the successful synthesis of pure-phase garnet materials. Furthermore, analysis of the XRD patterns using the Williamson-Hall method confirms the presence of significant lattice strain in both medium- and high-entropy garnets. Compare to single rare earth garnet, the coercivity was significantly reduced to between 17.30 Oe and 20.01 Oe, which helps lower hysteresis loss. The magnetization curves from 1000 Oe to 15,000 Oe were extracted and fitted using the Law of Approach to Saturation (LAS). The results of which showed that the effective anisotropy constant significantly increased from 23,036 erg/cm³ to 28,060 erg/cm³. This strong effective anisotropy also extended the spin resonance frequency to 1 GHz. The lattice strain generated numerous pinning sites that restricted the movement of domain walls during permeability measurements, pushing the real part response of the permeability up to 50 MHz. The high degree of disorder from the high-entropy effect caused the high-entropy garnet materials to transition into a spin-glass state at low temperatures. The relationship between the freezing temperature (T_f) and the applied magnetic field can be fitted by the de Almeida-Thouless line, yielding a mean-field value of n=0.68, causing the magnetic moment behavior to conform to 1-dimensional Ising-like spin-glass behavior. This effect also enabled the high-entropy garnet materials to achieve a freezing temperature of 299 K under a 100 Oe magnetic field.

    摘要 ii Extended Abstract iv 致謝 xi 目錄 xii 表目錄 xv 圖目錄 xvi 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究動機與目的 3 第二章 基礎理論與文獻回顧 5 2-1 磁性材料 5 2-1-1 磁性原理介紹 5 2-1-2 磁性分類 7 2-2 磁能與磁各向異性 13 2-2-1 磁化能量 13 2-2-2 磁各向異性 (Magnetic Anisotropy) 16 2-3 磁性質 19 2-3-1 初始磁導率(Initial Permeability) 19 2-3-2 磁損耗(Magnetic Loss) 21 2-3-3 磁滯曲線(Hysteresis Curve) 25 2-4 自旋玻璃簡介與文獻回顧 27 2-5 石榴石結構簡介 35 2-6 高熵陶瓷材料 40 第三章 實驗方法與流程 44 3-1 實驗流程與樣品製備 44 3-1-1 實驗流程 44 3-1-2 樣品製備 47 3-2 分析儀器與原理 48 3-2-1 X光繞射儀(X-ray Diffractometer, XRD) 48 3-2-2 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) 50 3-2-3 超導量子干涉磁化儀(SQUID VSM) 53 3-2-4 介電阻抗分析儀(Dieletric Impedence Analysis) 55 第四章 晶體結構與表面形貌分析 56 4-1 高熵石榴石晶體結構分析 57 4-2 高熵石榴石微觀結構分析 62 4-3 不同成份組成之高熵石榴石晶體結構分析 64 4-4 不同成份組成之高熵石榴石微觀結構分析 68 第五章 磁學性質分析 70 5-1 磁滯曲線分析 70 5-2 趨近飽和定律分析(Law of Approach to Saturation, LAS) 76 5-2-1 趨近飽和律(LAS)之意義 76 5-2-2 趨近飽和律(LAS)擬合分析 80 5-3 磁化強度隨溫度變化分析 83 5-4 磁導率與磁損耗分析 85 第六章 高熵自旋玻璃特性分析 90 6-1 自旋玻璃分類與磁不可逆性 90 6-2 自旋玻璃態相轉變與磁矩行為分析 93 6-3 高熵無序性對於自旋玻璃特性之影響 95 第七章 結論 98 參考文獻 100

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