本論文採用作業基礎模式(activity-based model)探討短程海運之經濟與環境效益，以船型Feeder、Panamax、Post-Panamax等三種不同類型為基礎，分析短程海運之油耗與排放量以及最佳船隊之派遣，最後加入不同價格之碳稅，探討短程海運之應用，是否受碳稅之影響而有差異。結果顯示：(1) Post-Panamax、Panamax與Feeder排放強度分別為8.25~9.03克/海浬之間、9.33~12.21克/海浬之間和12.62~17.7克/海浬之間。三者之平均排放強度依次為7.65、10.4和15.29克/海浬，相較之下，Post-Panamax每延噸海浬二氧化碳排放量最小，Feeder最大，二者相差約2倍。發現船舶類型越大，具有越高之環境效益，Post-Panamax類型船舶比Feeder類型船舶平均毎海浬少排放約50%的 CO2。(2) 就營運成本而言，Post-Panamax平均毎延噸海浬總成本為0.00314美元，比Panamax(0.00363美元/噸)和Feeder(0.00536美元/噸)少，表示大型船舶較中、小型船舶較具經濟效益。再加入碳稅探討後，發現大型船舶在經濟效益與環境效益較小型船舶佳，且船舶越小，其漲幅越大。(3)課徵碳稅額度越高，不管對哪一種類型之船舶，其碳稅佔總成本之比例也會越高，當碳稅額度到$300美元/噸，碳稅成本所佔的比例已高於燃油成本，容易使業者無法營運。(4)經由實證，研究渤海灣四個港口，綜合吃水深、載運量、主引擎功率、船速等因素分析後，發現最佳船隊之派遣應選擇相對較大型之船舶，以符合經濟與環境效益。本論文之實證以中國遼寧省渤海灣為例，探討在固定貨運量下，以最低營運成本為目標，分析徵收碳稅與否，對船舶排放量和船舶派遣之影響。結果發現，碳稅之增收僅影響對船隊之選擇，提高船舶容量6000TEU以上之派遣次數，創造規模經濟，卻不影響船舶派遣航線之決策，但課徵碳稅顯著增加業者之營運成本，對環境之改善也很微小，因此，碳稅之徵收，對短程海運之業者無經濟與成本效益。

This paper investigates the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of Feeder, Panamax, and Post-Panamax container vessels to analyze the economic and environmental effects of the short sea shipping with a tax policy. The Bohai Bay area of China is studied, and activity-based models are used for surveys. The results show that most Post-Panamax vessels lead to better economic and environmental outcomes than Feeder and Panamax vessels. The Feeder’s emissions are thus approximately twice those of the Post-Panamax, and so the latter type of vessel is the best choice for the environment. In terms of operating costs, the Post-Panamax’s average cost per ton-mile is smaller than that of Panamaxand Feeder vessels, and this type of ship is also the best choice in economic terms. The aim of this research is to minimize operating costs under a fixed level of trade, by implementing a tax policy and examining the effects of this on fleet allocation decisions. The results show that the tax policy only influences fleet allocation with regard to using bigger container vessels (over 6000 TEU) more often, and also raises operating cost, but has no effect on the transport routes. The tax policy is thus not a good strategy for fleet allocation in short sea shipping.

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