台灣的兩種蝴蝶蘭的原生種，台灣白花蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana)與蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭(P. equestris)為重要的育種親本，蝴蝶蘭基因組研究能有助於系統性育種，其中遺傳連鎖圖譜和染色體核型分析等細胞遺傳研究在育種中扮演相當重要的角色，但目前蝴蝶蘭的細胞遺傳相關研究依然相當缺乏。本研究使用高解析度的粗絲期(pachytene)染色體為材料，利用螢光原位雜合(fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH)技術分析蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭染色體圖譜的5S 核醣體DNA (ribosomal DNA, rDNA)、EFS (Early flowering in short days)、第七(LG07)、第十三(LG13)遺傳連鎖群(genetic linkage groups)與台灣白花蝴蝶蘭基因序列在染色體上的分布，並將兩種原生蝴蝶蘭的染色體圖譜做比較性核型分析。根據結果顯示，在台灣白花蝴蝶蘭第十三對染色體的第十三遺傳連鎖群與EFS位於蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭第十六對染色體上；位於台灣白花蝴蝶蘭第七對染色體的第七遺傳連鎖群則是在蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭第三對染色體上；5S核醣體DNA在台灣白花蝴蝶蘭有兩個基因座(loci)，分別位於第六對與第十二對染色體上，而在蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭只有一個基因座位於第十二對染體上。經比較性核型分析結果顯示這兩個台灣白花蝴蝶蘭的遺傳連鎖群在蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭上皆具共線性(Synteny)。5S核醣體DNA 在兩物種都坐落於短臂異染色質區與真染色質交界區域。EFS在兩物種間都坐落於長臂末端且與scaffold_46在兩物種間有相對位置互換的現象。本篇研究提供蝴蝶蘭細胞遺傳學演化研究有用資訊。

There are two native Phalaenopsis species in Taiwan, Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana and P. equestris, and both are important breeding parents Phalaenopsis genome research can contribute to systematic breeding. Cytogenetic studies such as genetic linkage maps and karyotype analysis play an important role in breeding, but the cytogenetic related research of Phalaenopsis is still quite little. In this study, we integrated two genetic linkage groups 7, 13, EFS, and 5S rDNA genes of P. aphrodite to high-resolution pachytene chromosomes of P. equestris by using comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Our results show that the genetic linkage group 13 (LG13) and EFS are located on the chromosome 13 of P. aphrodite and on the chromosome 16 of P. equestris. The genetic linkage group 7 (LG07) is located on the chromosome 7 of P. aphrodite and on the chromosome 3 of P. equestris. The 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) has two loci in P. aphrodite located on chromosomes 6 and 12, and only one locus in P. equestris located on chromosome 12. These results indicate that the locations of our selected two genetic linkage groups are conserved on chromosomes between P. aphrodite and P. equestris. The 5S ribosomal DNA located in the short-arm heterochromatin and euchromatin junction region in both species. In both species EFS is located at the end of the long arm and has a relative positional exchange with scaffold_46 between the two species. Our current results provide cytogenetic evolutionary and breeding studies in Phalaenopsis orchids.

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