有部分的酵母菌在含有高濃度葡萄糖的環境中，即使氧氣充足，仍以發酵作用作為主要的代謝途徑，這些酵母菌被稱為Crabtree-positive酵母菌，例如：酵母菌 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)；克魯維乳酸酵母菌 (Kluyveromyces lactis) 則是Crabtree-negative酵母菌，以呼吸作用為主要的代謝途徑。研究指出，Crabtree-positive酵母菌的祖先可能是以呼吸作用為主，後來才演化成以發酵作用為主的代謝模式來適應環境。為了探討酵母菌的祖先轉換代謝模式的條件，本研究將S. cerevisiae的9種六碳糖轉運蛋白質基因 (hexose transporter gene, HXT) 分別大量表達 (overexpression) 於K. lactis中，藉此探討在增強攝取葡萄糖的能力下對於K. lactis以呼吸作用或發酵作用生長的影響。本次的研究顯示，大量表達HXT5或HXT6皆能顯著縮短K. lactis以呼吸作用生長的速率，大量表達HXT9能顯著加快K. lactis以呼吸作用生長時進入穩定期的時間，但是對於K. lactis以發酵作用生長的速率皆沒有顯著的影響；大量表達HXT1、HXT3、HXT8或HXT10對於K. lactis以呼吸作用或發酵作用生長皆沒有顯著的影響；另外，大量表達HXT2皆抑制了K. lactis以呼吸作用或發酵作用生長的速率。由上述結果得知，K. lactis以呼吸作用生長的效率大於以發酵作用生長的效率，而且我們認為只有部分的六碳糖轉運蛋白質能夠影響K. lactis生長的原因是，相較於其餘7種的六碳糖轉運蛋白質基因，大量表達HXT5或HXT6更能夠在細胞膜上組成具有運輸葡萄糖功能的構型，以提升運輸葡萄糖的速率，藉此轉換更多供給自身生長所需的能量。本次研究在探討酵母菌代謝途徑演化史的領域中提供了初步的方向與基礎。

Saccharomyces cerevisiae performs fermentation in the present of even in the presence of oxygen, this phenomenon is known as the Crabtree effect. On the other hand, Kluyveromyces lactis is Crabtree-negative yeast that utilities glucose mainly by respiration pathway. Some studies have shown that the ancestral yeast depend on the respiration pathway, they switch metabolic pathway to adapt to the environment after evolution. We consider that per glucose metabolized by respiration to produce more ATP than by fermentation at the same time, the ancestral yeast probably adapted to the fermentation-based metabolic mode by increasing their glucose transport rate to convert more energy for their growth. In this study, to discuss the effects on growth in K. lactis by overexpression of hexose transporter genes (HXT) from S. cerevisiae. The growth curve showed that the overexpression of HXT5 or HXT6 could increase the growth rate significantly under respiration condition in K. lactis, but did not affect fermentative growth. This has led us to conclude that the energy conversion by respiratory growth is more efficient than fermentative growth in K. lactis. In my opinion, the reason why HXT5 or HXT6 can affect the growth in K. lactis is that only they can be folded into a functional construction for glucose transport, thereby converting more energy for its own growth. This study provides a new direction for this research field. This study provides a new direction for this research field.

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