本論文的研究目的主要在於設計功能性的電驅動微流體晶片。首先利用電滲流的理論基礎以數值模擬對設計進行分析，所使用數學模式包括（1）描述電雙層分布之Poisson-Boltzmann方程式（2）描述外加電場電位勢分布之Laplace方程式（3）描述電滲流流場之Navier-Stokes方程式，其中在動量方程式含有電動物體力項，以模擬電驅動效應。接著以微機電製程技術製作晶片進行實驗，最後以實驗結果與數值模擬進行比對，確保設計之可行。主要研究重點分為三項，茲說明如下：
一、以T型微管道中增加側管道對的模式，設計被動式微混合器，並建立應用電壓預測方法之理論模式。側管道對在此一研究中扮演了（1）提供垂直於流動方向的速度分量以增加側向擾動（2）增加混合層，使異質流體接觸區域倍增的角色。研究結果在增加二對側管道後混合效率即可以提升四倍達 ，而且使用預測電壓模式，不但減少使用的儀器，也大幅簡化使用的流程。
二、以修正後拉式注射法為基礎，建立可得到集中樣品外型、減少洩漏的推拉式注射法，並應用於以時間為基準的可變樣品體積之電驅動注射法。此一之電驅動注射技術更可與微流體轉轍器整合成實用的微流體分配器來輸送不同體積之樣品，做更進一步的反應或分析。與其他可變樣品體積注射技術比較，本文所提出之推拉式注射法具有使微管道幾何尺寸簡單化、更精確的樣品體積操控及更直接的電壓控制等優點。
三、以微管道中設置裸露電極的方式，建立改變電位勢分布的流體操控模式。透過調控外加電壓來改變電位勢分布，這樣的方式使得微流體元件可以具有微擴散器、微噴嘴、微混合器及無閥門開關等多功能的機制，成為實用性高的微制動器。與利用電容效應來達成流體操控的場效應流體操控方法比較，裸露電極的使用不需要絕緣層，可以有效且直接的應用在流體操控上。
本文所設計的微流體元件，皆具有良好的實用性，可以與其他電驅動微流體元件整合成實用的微流體系統，對於實驗室晶片未來的發展有正面的助益。

This dissertation focuses on the investigation of electrokinetically-driven microfluidic devices. The present work has employed both computational fluid dynamics techniques and experimental approach. The physical and mathematical models are based on (1) the Poission- Boltzmann equation for electric double layer (EDL) potential, (2) the Laplace equation for the externally applied electrostatic field, and (3) the Navier-Stokes equations modified to include the electrokinetic body force. The microfluidic chips are fabricated follow micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) fabrication processes. This research consists of three main parts as expressed in the following:
First, a T-shaped microchannel with incorporated side channels is used for passive micromixer design and a voltage prediction scheme is established. These side channels provide (1) transverse velocity components to the horizontal mixing streams, and also (2) increase the diffusion contact areas between the streams. The results reveal that the mixing efficiency can be enhanced to yield a fourfold improvement by incorporating two pairs of side channels into the mixing channel. The voltage prediction scheme greatly reduces the necessary instrumentation and simplifies the experimental set-up.
Next, the Pullback injection technique is modified to form a novel Push-pull injection technique. Through the appropriate control of the applied electrical voltage during the injection and dispensing process, the fluid experiences a push-pull effect, which produces a low leakage effect and more compact sample plug than that produced by other injection techniques. Together with push-pull effect an innovative microfluidic chip integrates a time-based variable-volume flow control technique with a delivery system. The T-form injection technique developed in this study has been integrated with a microswitch to form a functional microfluidic system for the dispensing of variable-volume samples for further processing and analysis. Compared with other microfluidic devices featuring a variable-volume injection technique, the push-pull injection technique developed in this study can be implemented using a compact geometry, consumes fewer reagents, and can be operated using a more straightforward voltage control scheme.
Finally, a bare electrodes flow control strategy is presented. The innovative microfluidic chip integrates multi-pairs bare electrodes with different applied voltages to perform the electrokinetically-driven flow control. Through the appropriate control of external applied voltages, the fluid experiences an electrokinetic effect. The effect makes the microdevice behave as nozzle, diffuser, mixer or valveless switch that acts as a functional actuator. The formulas presented in this study confirm that the fluid flow can be successfully controlled through the application of an appropriate electrical potential distribution. While compared with commonly used planar buried shielding electrodes, the bare electrodes allow direct optical observation during operation.
The developed microfluidic devices in this research provide practical applications and can be readily integrated within microfluidic system for the continuous monitoring and sample analysis. The development of this research is useful for the further advancement of μTAS.

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