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研究生: 余銘恩
Yu, Ming-En
論文名稱: 應用潛熱儲能材料於拋物面槽式太陽能集熱器之研究
Studies of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Material of Parabolic Trough Collector System
指導教授: 呂宗行
Leu, Tzong-Shyng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2018
畢業學年度: 106
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 115
中文關鍵詞: 拋物面太陽能集熱器相變化潛熱儲存槽殼管式儲存槽模擬EN12975測試標準
外文關鍵詞: parabolic trough collector, Phase Change Material Storage tank, EN12975
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  • 本研究將拋物面集熱器收集相變化材料(Phase Change Material)儲熱槽結合,太陽能集熱器收集熱能,加熱後的熱油再導入相變化儲存槽中儲能,儲存槽中出口的油再流回至集熱器加熱,如此形成一個循環。本研究所使用之相變化材料儲熱槽採用的是垂直殼管式設計,在每個管中放入相變化材料-木醣醇,木醣醇相變化過程中吸收的潛熱為247.9kJ/kg。因儲存槽內的殼管採蜂巢式設計,本研究利用30-60-90三角柱模型模擬儲熱槽內的熱油與相變化材料之間的熱傳行為,將實驗得到儲熱槽進口油溫導入30-60-90三角柱模型進行模擬,並利用實驗得到儲熱桶溫度計算熱散,最後可以利用模擬預測儲存能量達到實驗值的91%。
    另一方面本論文嘗試利用不同於EN12975的測試方法及準動態方程式對拋物面槽式太陽能集熱器進行性能測試,新的動態量測法不使用固定三段入口油溫的方法,改採用入口油溫會持續穩定上升的數據作為回歸用數據,新的動態量測所採用的準動態方程式也與EN12975有所不同,將 除去,並將 移至等式前面變成了 ,公式如下:

    ,利用以上兩種方法在2017年2月對集熱器進行測試,並回歸得到2月的參數,利用兩種方法得到的參數預測4月的收集功率,結果利用新動態量測法預測的收集功率與實驗值的誤差(NRMSE)只有2%,利用新動態量測法得到的參數具有一定的準確度。

    This research stores solar heat energy that collected by Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) in Phase Change Material Storage tank (PCM storage tank). Vertical shell and tube is adopted as PCM storage tank. The latent heat of PCM-Xylitol is 247.9kJ/kg. Xylitol is filled into copper tubes as PCM tubes. In order to simplify simulation, 30°–60°–90° Triangular prism is used to simulate heat transfer of PCM tube. Three kinds of triangular prism models are developed. Model 1 is that a PCM tube is soaked in oil. Model 2 is that two thermocouple housings are inserted into model 1. Model 3 is a model that full of oil. Entrance boundary conditions of these three models are from experiment. In addition to 3 triangular prism models, heat-loss model is used to calculate heat-loss. As shown in the result, stored energy of model 1 is 69.6kJ, model 2 is 70.5kJ and model 3 is 62.6 kJ. The stored energy of models with PCM tube is higher than model 3. Because of housings, temperature of xylitol in model 2 is always higher than model 1. It is necessary to consider whether the design of the structure will affect the accuracy of temperature measurement before experiments.
    On the other side, this study uses the new test method different from EN12975 o test PTC. New method adopts continuously rising oil temperature data for linear regression. The equation for new method:

    in EN-12975 is moved to the left of the equation, and becomes . The PTC was tested in Feb,2017 by new method, model of Feb,2017 are obtained in this test. The error between Pcol/A predicted by model and the experimental data is only 2%. The parameter that obtain from new method is able to predict oil Pcol/A.

    目錄 摘要 I SUMMARY III 誌謝 XIII 目錄 XIV 表目錄 XX 圖目錄 XXI 符號索引 XXVI 英文字母開頭 XXVI 第一章 前言 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.2.1 拋物面槽式太陽能集熱器 2 1.2.1.1 拋物面槽式太陽能集熱器簡介 2 1.2.1.2 拋物面槽式太陽能集熱器性能 3 1.2.2 相變化儲熱儲熱槽 5 1.2.2.1 儲熱方式 5 1.2.2.2 潛熱儲能與顯熱儲能比較 6 1.2.2.3 相變化材料儲熱槽 7 1.2.2.4 變化儲熱模擬 9 1.3 研究動機與目的 10 第二章 集熱器性能分析方法 16 2.1 準動態方程式 16 2.1.1 EN12975準動態方程式 16 2.1.2 新動態量測法-準動態方程式 19 第三章 實驗架設與實驗方法 24 3.1 拋物面槽式太陽能集熱器 24 3.2 冷熱交換循環機 26 3.3 相變化材料儲熱槽 26 3.4 相變化材料及熱傳流體 28 3.4.1 木醣醇 28 3.4.1.1 示差描熱量分析木醣醇比熱 28 3.4.1.2 木醣醇的熱傳導分析 29 3.4.2 熱傳流體性質 30 3.5 量測設備 31 3.5.1 溫度量測 31 3.5.2 流量計 31 3.5.3 日射計 31 3.6 管路設備,保溫設備 32 3.7 實驗方法 33 3.7.1 應用太陽能集熱器提供儲存槽熱能實驗 33 3.7.2 太陽能集熱集效能量測實驗-EN12975量測法 34 3.7.2.1 實驗數據的取得 34 3.7.2.2 實驗數據的前處理 34 3.7.3 太陽能集熱集效能量測實驗-新動態量測法 35 3.7.3.1 實驗數據的取得 35 3.7.3.2 實驗數據的前處理 36 第四章 相變化儲熱槽之熱傳模擬 56 4.1 ANSYS FLUENT模擬軟體介紹 56 4.1.1 質量守恆方程式 57 4.1.2 動量守恆方程式 57 4.1.3 能量守恆方程式 58 4.1.4 三維儲熱模擬模型 59 4.1.4.1 模型一 59 4.1.4.2 模型二 60 4.1.4.3 模型三 61 4.1.5 三維儲熱模擬設定 61 4.2 二維儲熱模擬 63 4.2.1 二維儲熱模擬模型 63 4.2.2 二維儲熱模擬設定 63 4.3 熱散模擬 64 4.3.1 熱散模擬模型 64 4.3.2 熱散模擬設定 65 第五章 相變化儲熱實及模擬結果與討論 76 5.1 應用太陽能集熱器提供儲存槽熱能實驗結果 76 5.1.1 應用太陽能集熱器提供儲存槽熱能實驗結果 76 5.2 模擬結果 77 5.2.1 二維模擬結果 78 5.2.2 三維模擬結果 78 5.2.2.1 速度場 78 5.2.2.2 溫度場 79 5.2.2.3 儲能 79 5.2.3 熱散模型模擬結果 81 5.3 模擬與實驗比較 81 5.3.1 實驗、三維模擬二維模擬z=0.05m溫度比較 82 5.3.2 實驗、三維模擬二維模擬z=0.35m溫度比較 82 5.3.3 實驗與模擬儲能分析 83 第六章 集熱器性能測試結果與討論 96 6.1 2017年2月二月集熱器性能測試結果 96 6.1.1 2017年2月利用EN12975標準求集熱器性能 96 6.1.1.1 2017年2月利用EN12975標準回歸結果 96 6.1.1.2 2017年2月利用EN12975標準分析熱散 97 6.1.2 2017年2月利用新動態量測法求集熱器性能 98 6.1.2.1 2017年2月利用新動態量測法回歸結果 98 6.1.2.2 2017年2月利用新動態量測法分析熱散 99 6.1.3 2017年2月兩種量測法之熱散比較 99 6.1.4 利用2月兩種量測法對4月收集熱量進行預測 100 6.2 2017年6月利用新動態量測法測試集熱器結果 100 6.2.1 利用6月回歸結果預測20170710實驗油溫 102 6.3 利用預測油溫導入三維模擬 103 6.3.1 z=0.05m及z=0.35m比較 103 6.3.2 儲能結果比較 103 第七章 結論 112 7.1 儲熱實驗及模擬結論 112 7.2 集熱器性能測試實驗結論 113 7.3 未來工作 113 第八章 參考文獻 114

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