國內路跑賽事蓬勃發展，每年舉辦的路跑賽事場次數百場，常態路跑人口更達百萬人以上，路跑對於參賽者的健康具有一定正面效益，但是在2010年代初期至中期國內空氣品質惡化，當時正值路跑賽事的成長期，在空氣汙染下參與路跑賽事對健康的影響逐漸受到關注。本研究旨在透過健康信念模式來探討路跑賽事參賽者面對空氣汙染時採取預防性健康行為的影響因素，並檢視各影響因素的影響力與其是否符合健康信念模式之模型假設。目的：本研究透過健康信念模式探討路跑賽事參賽者面對空氣汙染與健康行為之間的影響因素，並探討健康信念模式各構面對於健康行為構面的因果關係與解釋力，以及比較各構面之間的關係。方法：本研究使用採用問卷調查法，採用便利取樣法於網路社群媒體與路跑相關論壇投放問卷，問卷資料使用SPSS27.0與AMOS27.0統計分析套裝軟體進行分析，分析方式為敘述性統計、Kruskal-Wallis單因子變異數分析、皮爾森相關性分析與結構方程模型分析。結果：本研究經Kruskal-Wallis單因子變異數分析發現僅自身與家人是否罹患肺部疾病對於健康信念模式所有構面皆無顯著差異，其餘變項在部分構面存在差異；皮爾森相關性分析發現自覺嚴重性、自覺行動利益、行動線索與自我效能四個構面對於健康行為構面具有顯著的正相關；健康信念模式結構方程模型分析發現自覺罹患性顯著正向影響健康行為，自覺行動障礙則顯著負向影響健康行為。討論與結論：跑者在面對空氣汙染時的心理反應與一般民眾相似，自覺罹患性與自覺嚴重性之心理反應傾向與一般民眾一致呈正相關，且會因居住地區與最高學歷的不同而存在差異。自覺行動利益是一般民眾採取健康行為的重要影響因素之一，對於跑者則完全沒有影響；跑者的自覺行動障礙則與一般民眾相同，對於採取健康行為與否存在負面影響。本研究為跑者面對空氣汙染時的健康信念提供見解，跑者的自覺罹患性與自覺行動障礙是其採取健康行為的影響因素之一，為路跑賽事主辦單位、跑者與監督之政府單位提供實用資訊，並為後續相關研究進行問卷設計與模型建構時作為參考依據。

The road race is getting popular in Taiwan. Each year, hundreds of road races are held, and the regular road race population is about a million. However, air pollution in early 2010s could negatively affect road race contestants' health. Participants pay more attention to health impacts when running under air pollution. Using the health belief model, this study will examine factors that influence the preventive health behaviors of road race participants when confronted with air pollution. This study uses the health belief model to examine factors that affect road race contestants' preventive health behaviors when they are exposed to air pollution and to compare different constructs' causal relationship, explanatory power, and difference. A convenience sampling of social media and road race forums was used in this study. Data is analyzed by SPSS27.0 and AMOS27.0 statistical analysis software package. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences in health belief models across all constructs in this study between self-lung diseases and family lung diseases. Based on Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy have a significant positive correlation with health behavior. As a result of structural equation modeling, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers fit the default hypothesis and causal relationship of the health belief model. Public and runners have similar psychological aspects, both have a positive correlation on perceived susceptibility and perceived severity, and they differ by region and educational level. Running is not influenced by perceived benefits when it comes to preventing air pollution. When people try to follow preventive health behavior, perceived barriers are a passive influence on them. According to the study, runners' perceptions of their susceptibility to air pollution, and their perception of barriers to preventive health behavior are factors in taking preventive health measures. In addition to providing practical information for road race hosts and governments, the study provides a reference for future questionnaire design and model construction.

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