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研究生: 張周
Patipol Bowonjakawan
論文名稱: Does Amendment of SEC Document Matter to Investors? The Evidence from Equity Crowdfunding to Post-Campaign Financing
Does Amendment of SEC Document Matter to Investors? The Evidence from Equity Crowdfunding to Post-Campaign Financing
指導教授: 謝惠璟
Hsieh, Hui-Ching Sana
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 國際經營管理研究所
Institute of International Management
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 77
外文關鍵詞: Equity Crowdfunding, Business Angels, Venture Capital, Startups, Entrepreneurial Finance
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  • Equity Crowdfunding has emerged as the new source for entrepreneurial firms to raise the capital from the large number of investors through online platforms. In U.S, equity crowdfunding firms are required to submit the firm information and terms of offering to the securities and exchange commission (SEC). The SEC also allows equity crowdfunding firms to make amendments of the previously submitted information to provide the better information to investors. This study investigates the effect of firms with document amendment on equity crowdfunding success and post-campaign financing from professional investors i.e., venture capitals and business angels. We use a sample of 1023 offering campaigns on U.S equity crowdfunding from 2016 Q2 to 2020 Q4. This study finds that document amendment influences equity crowdfunding success. However, amendment of document decreases the possibility to obtain post-campaign financing. Moreover, amendment of offering material and amendment of deadline date increase likelihood of equity crowdfunding success but they decrease possibility to obtain post-campaign financing. Amendment of target offering amount increases possibility of equity crowd funding success and post-campaign financing as it shows growth potential of firms to investors. The evidences show that professional investors and crowd investors have different logics of investment. Amendment of document is considered by crowd investors as a positive signal that can be used to reduce information asymmetry. On the other hand, professional investors use preparedness displayed in the offering document as the signal of quality and consider document amendment as a negative signal.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I ABSTRACT II TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF TABLES VII CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background. 1 1.2 Research Objective. 6 1.3 Research Gap and Contribution. 7 1.4 Research Structure. 7 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 Types of Crowdfunding. 8 2.2 Regulations of U.S. Equity Crowdfunding. 9 2.3 Regulation Crowdfunding. 11 2.3.1 Document Submission. 11 2.3.2 Intermediary Platforms. 12 2.3.3 Security Types of Offering. 12 2.4 Information Asymmetries. 13 2.5 Signaling Theory. 17 2.6 Document Amendment. 18 2.7 Hypothesis Developments. 19 2.7.1 Amendment of Document to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 19 2.7.2 Amendment of Offering Materials to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 20 2.7.3 Amendment of Deadline Date to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 21 2.7.4 Amendment of Target Offering Amount to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 22 2.7.5 Interactions of Document Amendment with Firm Size to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 24 2.7.6 Interactions of Amendment with Experience Firms to Equity Crowdfunding Success and Post-campaign Financing. 25 2.7.7 Interactions of Amendment with Receiving Pre-Campaign Financing to Equity Crowdfunding Success and Post-campaign Financing. 26 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 27 3.1 Sample and Data Collection. 27 3.2 Dependent Variables. 28 3.2.1 Equity Crowdfunding Success (ECF_SUCCESS). 28 3.2.2 Post-campaign Financing (POSTFUNDING). 29 3.3 Independent Variables. 29 3.3.1 Document Amendment (AMENDMENT). 29 3.3.2 Deadline Amendment (DEADLINE). 29 3.3.3 Offering Material Amendment (MATERIAL). 29 3.3.4 Offering Amount Amendment (TARGET). 29 3.3.5 Extending of Deadline Date Amendment (EXTEND). 30 3.3.6 Shortening of Deadline Date Amendment (SHORTEN). 30 3.3.7 Increasing Target Offering Amount Amendment (INCTARGET). 30 3.3.8 Decreasing Target Offering Amount Amendment (DECTARGET). 30 3.4 Control Variables. 30 3.4.1 Campaign-Level Characteristics. 30 3.4.2 Firm-Level Characteristics. 31 3.4.3 Fixed Effects. 34 3.5 Methodology and Regression Models. 34 3.5.1 Equity Crowdfunding Success. 34 3.5.2 Post-campaign Financing. 37 3.5.3 Interaction Variables with ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing Models. 39 3.6 Result Expectations. 41 CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH RESULTS 43 4.1 Descriptive Statistics. 43 4.2 Correlation Analysis. 45 4.3 Empirical Results. 49 4.3.1 Document Amendment to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 49 4.3.2 Amendment of Materials to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 52 4.3.3 Amendment of Deadline Date to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 53 4.3.4 Amendment of Target Amount to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 54 4.3.5 Firm Size with Document Amendment to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 58 4.3.6 Experience Firms with Document Amendment to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 62 4.3.7 Pre-campaign Financing with Document Amendment to ECF Success and Post-campaign Financing. 66 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 69 5.1 Research Conclusion. 69 5.2 Research Implications. 72 5.3 Research Limitation and Suggestions. 72 REFERENCES 73

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