研究背景: 新興傳染病的發生是不可避免，其具高傳染性、高致死率及傳染途徑不確定等特性，難以預測和管理，除對全球健康與經濟造成沈重負擔外，亦對臨床第一線照護人員造成極大威脅。尤其在長期照護機構其住民多為年長者、身體活動功能障礙及具有多重慢性疾病等，增加了感染傳染病的危險，因此長照機構護理人員在傳染病防治扮演舉足輕重的角色。檢視新興傳染病重創台灣的數次經驗中，都有醫護人員確診甚至死亡案例，凸顯本研究探討長期照護機構護理人員對新興傳染病的防治勝任力及其影響因素之重要。研究目的: 發展長期照護機構護理人員之新興傳染病防治勝任力問卷，以瞭解長期照護機構護理人員對於新興傳染病防治勝任力現況，並探討其在防治知識、態度及技能間的相關性，與影響長期照護機構護理人員對於新興傳染病防治勝任力之重要因素。 研究方法: 採橫斷式研究設計，以自擬結構式「新興傳染病防治勝任力問卷」為研究工具，包括新興傳染病防治工作「知識」、「態度」、「技能」及「個人基本屬性、執業環境資料」等四部分。透過叢聚隨機方式抽選台南市立案長期照護機構，取得131間機構負責人同意參與本研究調查、獲得有效問卷235份（問卷有效率97.1%），研究資料以SPSS 22.0版軟體進行資料建檔，使用單因子變異數分析、t-檢定、皮爾森積差相關檢定、路徑分析與複迴歸等分析。 研究結果: 長期照護機構護理人員在新興傳染病防治工作知識有待加強（總平均得8.1分、標準差為1.8、得分比為67.5%），但其具備正向的防治工作態度（總平均得3.1分、指標分數為78.1分），且自覺非常有把握能達成防治工作所需之技能（總平均得3.6分、指標分數為90.5分）。在新興傳染病防治勝任力三大構面間關係顯示，知識與態度構面呈顯著正相關（r=0.2, p=.008），態度與技能構面呈顯著正相關（r=0.3, p<.001），而態度構面為中介變項，能影響知識與技能構面間達成間接之效果。另於逐步複迴歸發現長照機構護理人員對新興傳染病防治勝任力三大構面之重要預測因子，包括「主管認同程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「新興傳染病防治工作態度」、「新興傳染病防治工作技能」、「新興傳染病防治工作知識」、「傳染病防治業務督導負責人」，此六變項共可解釋3%至24.8%的變異量。 研究結論: 研究結果瞭解長期照護機構護理人員對新興傳染病防治勝任力現況及其重要影響因素。建議未來能設計符合需求且合宜的傳染病課程方案，如課程融入責任感概念，並依身份別分班授課，透過有效的在職教育，鼓勵長期照護機構護理人員參與，以增進護理人員對於新興傳染病防治工作的正向感受，進而執行正確的新興傳染病防治工作技能，以提升整體長期照護機構護理人員對新興傳染病防治勝任力。期能結合實務、教育、研究、政策等建議，作為長期照護機構規劃傳染病防治管理策略與在職教育訓練課程參考，及提供衛生主管機關參考本研究內容進而推行相關防治措施之依據。

The threat of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is devastating, and particularly a great concern in Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs), given that residents are more vulnerable to severe illness and death from the virus than the general population due to prevanlant of chronic conditions, compromised immune systems and of old age. Nursing role and competency in preventing EIDs is extremely crucial to minimize the impact of this pandemic. This study examined the competency and its related factors of nurses in Tainan’s LTCFs in prevention of EIDs. A cross-sectional design was utlizied to randomly recruit 235 nurses using an online survey. Results indicated needs for nurses to strengthen their knowledge of EIDs (8.1±1.8, out of 12) and attitude toward EIDs prevention was the only significant predictor for EIDs knowledge. Subjects had moderate to positive attitudes toward the prevention of EIDs (37.5±4.9, out of 48); perceived supervisor’s approval, EIDs prevention skills, knowledge of EIDs, and in charge of infectious disease prevention were significant predictors therewith. Nurses of LTCFs perceived high on their EIDs prevention skills (83.3±7.8, out of 92), and perceived supervisor’s approval, marital status, and attitudes toward EIDs prevention were significantly predictors related subjects’ prevention skills. Results of this study will provide a concrete explanation of the competency of nurse in LTCFs in preventing EIDs, and we expect to improve effectively LTCF nurses’ competency of EIDs prevention via integrating the strategies of practice, education, research, and policy recommendations, so that ultimately, EIDs in LTCFs can be eliminated.

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