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研究生：	方斌 Fang, Pin
論文名稱：	以資源基礎觀點探索組織轉捩：比較成長期與成熟期企業策略之差異性 Resource-Based Analysis of Organizational Turnaround: Comparing Turnaround Strategies between Firms in Growth and Maturity Stage
指導教授：	葉桂珍 Yeh, Quey-Jen
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	管理學院 - 企業管理學系 Department of Business Administration
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	80
中文關鍵詞：	組織轉捩、資源基礎觀點、企業生命階段、轉捩策略、摒棄劣勢資源、挹注優勢資源
外文關鍵詞：	organizational turnaround, resource-based view, organizational life stage, turnaround strategy, shedding redundant resources, adding promising resources
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企業之經營，不可避免地會遭遇衰退、甚或失敗之威脅。組織轉捩係指組織的績效歷經衰退，而後回復到衰退前水準的過程，而轉捩績效指的是企業利用此過程，由虧轉盈之成效，通常以利潤相關指標衡量之。本文以資源基礎觀點為理論依據，試圖驗證並說明台灣企業成功扭轉劣勢、邁向優勢的策略，主要目的在探討「摒棄劣勢資源」與「挹注優勢資源」兩大轉捩策略，對企業轉捩之實質成效，尤其是擬探討此成效是否會因為企業所處生命階段而異(比如成長期與成熟期之企業)。研究對象為台灣一般產業之上市公司，資料取自台灣經濟新報資料庫，於民國81年至95年間，曾經歷業績嚴重衰退後並成功復甦的72家企業。本研究發現，成本降低行動及研發投資活動--兩者分別代表「摒棄劣勢資源」及「挹注優勢資源」--對企業轉捩具有正向影響；而研發活動對成長期企業較有效，但成本降低對成熟期企業之效果較佳。這些研究結果顯示，企業轉捩的過程，適用資源管理的觀點來解釋，尤其是期間所採用的資源摒棄與挹注之重塑策略，更須適當搭配企業生命階段，方能達到成功轉捩目的。

Drawing on the resource-based view of the firm (RBV), this dissertation proposes the two types of resource actions: shedding redundant resources and adding promising resources as the main two turnaround approaches. Since firms differ in the way in which they manage their resources over stages of organizational development, this dissertation further analyzes the link between the RBV and organizational life-cycle model to investigate the contingency role of life stages in the turnaround context. The purpose is to distinguish the recovery effects between these two different but compactable actions, especially how their effects are moderated, respectively and together, by organizational life stages. The sample consists of 72 Taiwan firms had ever experienced a successful turnaround. The results indicate that cost-cutting and investment in training and R&D, which represent respectively a shedding and an adding resource action that enable firms to turn around their declining performance. The results also show that R&D investment is more effective for growth firms, while cost-cutting is more useful to firms in a mature stage.

Table of Contents:
Abstract...................................................I
Acknowledgements.........................................III
Table of Contents.........................................IV
List of Figures...........................................VI
List of Tables............................................VI
Chapter 1 Introduction....................................1
1.1 Background and research motivation....................1
1.2 Rationale of the study................................3
1.3 Research objectives...................................5
Chapter 2 Literature Review...............................6
2.1 Organizational decline and turnaround.................6
2.1.1 Definition of decline and turnaround................6
2.1.2 Turnaround process..................................10
2.1.3 Causes of Decline...................................13
2.1.4 Turnaround strategy.................................16
2.1.5 The role of top management teams in organizational turnaround................................................19
2.1.6 Turnaround in Asia..................................21
2.2 Resource-based view (RBV).............................23
2.2.1 Resource type.......................................23
2.2.2 Tenets of the RBV...................................26
2.3 Organizational life-cycle model.......................29
2.3.1 The number of organizational life stage.............35
2.3.2 The configuration of organizational life stage......35
2.4 Summary of the literature review......................39
2.4.1 The turnaround research streams.....................39
2.4.2 Application of the RBV on organizational decline and turnaround................................................40
2.4.3 The contingency role of life-cycle stage on organizational turnaround.................................41
Chapter 3 Research Procedure..............................42
3.1 Conceptual framework..................................42
3.2 Hypotheses development................................43
3.2.1 Applying the RBV to organizational turnaround.......43
3.2.2 Contingency effect of organizational life stages on resource actions..........................................45
3.3 Methodology...........................................48
3.3.1 Turnaround Classification...........................48
3.3.2 Operational definition of variables.................49
3.3.2.1 Dependent variable................................49
3.3.2.2 Independent variables.............................50
3.3.2.3 Moderating variable...............................51
3.3.2.4 Control variable..................................51
3.3.3 Data sources and analysis approaches................53
Chapter 4 Results.........................................54
4.1 Sample selection......................................54
4.2 Organizational life stages grouping...................57
4.3 Testing of hypotheses.................................59
4.4 The difference between turnaround and non-turnaround firms.....................................................65
Chapter 5 Discussion and Conclusion.......................66
5.1 Discussion of Results.................................66
5.2 Limitation and future direction.......................70
References................................................71

List of Figures:
Figure 1-1 Ratio of numbers of abolished to all firms.....1
Figure 3-1 Conceptual framework...........................42
Figure 3-2 Year in the turnaround or decline process......49
Figure 4-1 Moderating effects of organizational life stages on the relationship between cost-cutting and ROA improvement...............................................64
Figure 4-2 Moderating effects of organizational life stages on the relationship between  R&D investment and ROA improvement...............................................64

List of Tables:
Table 2-1 Definition of decline and turnaround............8
Table 2.2 Stages of turnaround process....................11
Table 2-3 Causes of decline...............................14
Table 2-4 A summary of causes of decline..................16
Table 2-5 Turnaround strategy.............................19
Table 2-6 The differences of turnaround actions between Western and Asian model...................................23
Table 2-7 Typology of resources...........................25
Table 2-8 Life-cycle literature reviewed..................31
Table 2-9 Organizational characteristics and major problems between growth and maturity stage.........................38
Table 3-1 Operational definition of variables.............52
Table 4-1 Firms in the sample-turnaround group............55
Table 4-2 Firms in the sample-non-turnaround group........56
Table 4-3 Industry classification.........................57
Table 4-4 Agglomeration coefficient for hierarchical cluster analysis..........................................58
Table 4-5 Classification results..........................59
Table 4-6 Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix...60
Table 4-7 Regression results..............................62
Table 4-8 Results of t-test...............................65
                                    

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