現今人工牙根的發展是為了口腔咀嚼功能的修復及取代正常牙齒，另外亦隨著民眾對於美觀的要求，而讓人工牙根的需求大增，因此為了能夠縮短療程，縮短人工植體與人體組織所需的骨整合時間就變得格外重要。
在人工牙根材料當中，由於氧化鋯與鈦金屬具有優良的機械性質以及化學穩定性，因此廣泛的使用於人工牙根上；但是在材料分類上，氧化鋯與鈦金屬皆屬於生物惰性材料，因此當植體植入後並無法與人體組織產生化學鍵結，限制其在生物醫學領域的應用。目前有許多表面改質的技術著重應用於人工牙根的表面改質上，以促進植體植入後，骨組織與植體間的初期骨整合能力。本研究係利用海洋中的貽貝，其分泌的黏附物質多巴胺與生醫植入材做結合，將此貽貝黏附物質應用於植體表面以改變表面特性，此外，實驗中進一步利用表面改質技術製備出具有模擬骨頭立體結構之三維多孔表面，以增進植入材植入後之骨整合性。
在本研究的第一部份中，利用貽貝黏附物質多巴胺可於氧化鋯表面塗佈一層具有生物相容性的仿生層，其製程簡單、效率高，且無須使用額外溶劑，同時藉由提升反應過程的溫度，可控制仿生層的表面特性，增加塗層厚度，進而影響骨母細胞初期的貼附能力。目前鍶已於臨床治療骨質疏鬆症上所使用，因此研究中進一步於多巴胺仿生層的聚合反應中添加微量元素鍶，實驗結果顯示，在氧化鋯表面塗佈一層含有鍶元素的多巴胺仿生層，將有助於增進骨母細胞的分化反應，此外，隨著鍶元素濃度的增加，多巴胺仿生層的厚度亦有所提升，顯示出鍶離子有助於多巴胺的聚合反應。
在本研究的第二部份中，於鈦金屬表面塗佈有機-無機多層複合塗層進行表面改質，利用微弧陽極氧化技術於鈦金屬表面，形成類似人體骨頭結構之三維多孔形貌表面改質，並結合多巴胺仿生層形成多層複合塗層，其中多巴胺仿生層可促進初期的骨母細胞貼附及增生，接著由複合塗層中所釋放出的鍶離子將促進骨母細胞分化，同時經微弧陽極氧化技術所製造的三維多孔表面則提供人工牙根植入後機械穩定性的能力，結果顯示出此多層複合塗層有助於促進人工牙根表面與細胞間之生物反應。此外，藉由調整微弧陽極氧化過程中之電解液成分，將可有效改變材料表面氧化層之化學特性，亦可以使化學離子釋出，藉此改變材料表面之生物反應，將錳、鈣及磷元素搭配微弧陽極氧化法添加進入氧化層當中，以形成多孔且含有錳、鈣及磷離子之氧化層，實驗結果證實，鈦金屬表面可藉由調配過後之含有錳離子之電解液搭配微弧陽極氧化技術，製備出含有不同錳離子濃度的氧化層，其所形成之氧化層厚度、表面親水性、孔徑大小以及孔隙率，並不會因為錳離子濃度不同而有明顯之差異，然而，錳離子的添加將造成氧化層的化學組成改變，進而促進骨母細胞之分化。
本研究結果顯示，結合兩種仿生改質方式於生物惰性材料，將可有效促進骨母細胞於人工牙根材料表面之活性，並有益於生醫材料之發展。本研究提出一個創新的概念，將有助應用於未來開發新的仿生材料以增進骨整合效應的研究上。

Dental implant, a special biocompatible component serving with the rehabilitation of the damaged chewing apparatus due to loss of the natural teeth, is currently the most intensively developing field of dentistry. Today, the increasing demands from patients with missing teeth for masticatory function and aesthetic dissatisfaction of their replaced teeth to be restored and for shortening of the period of osseointegration of the implants.
Zirconia and titanium have been widely used as a framework material in dental implants, due to their excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. However, zirconia and titanium are categorized as bio-inert materials which make them difficult to achieve a chemical bond with living tissue and restricts their application in the field of biomedicine. Various forms of surface modification have been used to accelerate the initial osseointegration soon after implantation in order to improve the reactions of the tissue and shorten the healing period of the bone. In this study, a biologically inspired idea from mussels was used to establish a synthetic adhesive platform for medical-implant application. Moreover, three-dimensional structures with numerous craters were produced to mimic bone morphology and function in order to optimize the integration of the implant.
In first part of this thesis, an easy, efficient, solvent-free process was proposed for the coating of DOPA film on a zirconia surface which was shown to increase the biocompatibility to osteoblasts. Specifically, the thickness of the coating and initial cell spreading ability were both enhanced by preparing samples at higher temperatures. Then, the study was subsequently related to the trace element strontium, which we did added into the DOPA polymerization process. Strontium has been attracting considerable attention for clinical applications to treat osteoporosis. The incorporation of strontium greatly increases osteoblast response, such as differentiation and mineralization in DOPA-coated zirconia. Interestingly, the level of DOPA is highly dependent on the strontium concentration, suggesting that strontium may promote DOPA polymerization.
In the next part of this thesis, an organic-inorganic multilayer coating process was developed for the modification of titanium implants. A three-dimensional porous structure comprising strontium and micro-arc oxidized (MAO) titanium was covered with a film of DOPA to form a multilayer coating. The DOPA film facilitates the initial attachment and proliferation of cells. Cell differentiation is sequentially enhanced by the release of strontium from the coatings. Moreover, MAO process produced a much rougher surface with crater-like structures which provides early fixation and long-term mechanical stability. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed coating process in enhancing the multi-biological function of implant surfaces to improve cellular characteristics. Moreover the surface properties were simply changed by adjusting the compositions of the electrolyte solutions that alters the local chemistry of the coatings and in so doing changes the biological properties of the MAO coating. A porous manganese-calcium-phosphate coating was prepared on titanium through MAO process. The manganese in electrolytes can be incorporated within MAO coatings in a dose dependent manner. Manganese concentration did not appear to have a significant effect on thickness, hydrophilicity, pore size, or overall porosity of the MAO coatings. However, the addition of manganese alters the local chemistry of the coatings and improve cell-mediated mineralization.
All findings in this thesis indicated that combining the beneficial characteristics of both bio-inspired modifications shows considerable promise as a biomaterial for implants. These findings may give a new important insight into further advancing the research on exploring the impact of bio-inspired modifications on the degree of osseointegration.

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