摘要
廚餘堆肥腐熟度在評估堆肥品質和土壤安全施用上是重要之指標，因為未腐熟之堆肥不利於農地環境和作物生長。本研究主要之目的為：1. 三種廚餘堆肥化製程之評量及其性質分析；2.研究三種不同堆肥化廚餘之優缺點，以評價廚餘堆肥產品之安全性與利用其作為植物生長之可行性；以及3.觀察廚餘堆肥施用對作物生長與小白菜養分吸收影響。
本研究利用三種不同製作方法之廚餘堆肥（conventional aerated system , CAS，.and Anaerobic barrel system , ABS ，and Rapid-disposal machne . RDM）觀察其種子發芽率和根系生長作為評估腐熟度與品質之指標。這三種廚餘堆肥使用相同之廚餘成分，分別經過24天，60天與5天達到腐熟程度，然後以小白菜種子進行發芽率試驗，並以蒸餾水試驗當做對照組，結果顯示：到了第5天時，RDM之發芽率最佳，其次為CAS及ABS，但前者之根系生長情形並不理想，而後二者之情況則良好。到了第5天，RDM之小白菜根部開始出現黑色及腐爛情況，CAS及ABS則無此情況發生。分析此原因，是因為RDM在堆肥過程中分解程度較低，發酵時間較短，且部分有害微生物未被殺死，而導致發霉現象及產生植物毒素（phytotoxicity），而其產品在發酵過程中，因分解程度較低使粗脂肪含量較高因而抑制了小白菜根部生長，反觀對照組之發芽率反而最好，此為不可忽略之訊息。所以，單以發芽率來評估堆肥之腐熟度，容易誤判，必須使用種子發芽率指數（germination index ，GI）才能避免，RDM成品不適合直接施用於農田作物上，比較適合當做堆肥原料使用。
以好氧堆積法將廚餘製成堆肥，約24天其產品發芽率可符合要求。本研究中，好氧堆肥法之溫度在翻堆時有明顯下降情況，含水率呈緩慢下降趨勢，pH 值隨堆積時間增加、碳氮比與電導度值則先上升後再隨時間而下降；廚餘處理機在處理過程中pH 值有逐漸增加之趨勢，而有機質、碳氮比、和導電度則變化不明顯；厭氧堆肥法之之溫度在前十天有明顯上升情況，然後隨堆積時間下降，含水率與碳氮比呈穩定下降趨勢，pH值在第一週有明顯上升，第三週則些微降低後再緩緩升高，其電導度隨時間緩慢上升.到最後十天則維持平緩狀態.

ABSTRAT
The food waste compost maturity is an important project for measurement of compost quality and for assessment of safety of Soil use, because immature compost is detrimental to the Farmland environment and crop growth. Hence, the main purpose of this study are: 1. to evaluate the composting process of three method of food waste compost and their nature; and 2. to research on the advantages and disadvantages of the three different composting food waste, thus to identify their nature and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of using them as compost for plant growth 3. to Observed effects on crop growth properties and germination rates of Chinese cabbage applying with a food waste compost.
This study utilized three different compost production methods, the conventional aerated system (CAS), the anaerobic barrel system (ABS), and the rapid-disposal machine (RDM), and observed the related Chinese cabbage germination rates And root growth ,which are indicators that assess the maturity and quality of compost. All three production methods used the same food waste, and reached maturity after 24 days, 60 days and 5 days, respectively. Chinese cabbage was then seeded to test their germination rates, As the control group and the distilled water test. The results showed that by the fifth day, RDM had the best germination rate, followed by the CAS and ABS. However, the former method had a poor root growth, while the other two had ideal situation root growth conditions. After another five days passed, the roots of the beans grown in the RDM compost started to turn black and decomposed. However, the young roots of the beans grown in CAS and ABS compost did not suffer in this way.
A series of analytical tests showed that RDM caused less decomposition in the composting process, that it also had a shorter fermentation time, and that some of the harmful micro-organisms were not killed in RDM, causing mildew and phytotoxicity. In the RDM fermentation process, the low level of decomposition caused a higher crude fat content, and thus inhibited the growth of Chinese cabbage roots ,The other hand, the germination rate of the control group but the best, this is the message can not be ignored.
In conclusion, it is not adequate to only consider the Chinese cabbage germination rate as a sign of compost maturity. Instead, the seed germination index (GI) should also be taken into consideration. Moreover, the product of the RDM process is not suitable for direct application to field crops, but is more suitable to use as raw materials for further composting.
Food waste composted for 24days by conventional aerated piled system conformed to the required regulation of SG. Seed germination (SG) and pH increase with composting time when aerated piled, while organic matter (OM), C/N ratio and CL decline with composting time. EC showed a trend of initial decrease followed by gradual increase during composting process. Crude lipid (CL) and pH presented a trend of gradual increase during composting with rapid-disposal machine system. As to OM, C/N ratio and EC, there was little change when composting with rapid-disposal machine system. The pH from anaerobic barrel system is significantly increased in the first week and then slowly increased slightly decreased when the third week.Temperature the previous ten days there is a marked increase in the case, and then decreased with the accumulation of time, moisture content and the carbon and nitrogen stable downward trend.EC value slowly rising over time to the last ten days to maintain a gentle of anaerobic barrel composting.

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