背景：隨著平均壽命延長，台灣預計於2025年邁入超高齡社會。年齡增長導致多重生理功能衰退，降低對壓力的調節能力，使老年人脆弱性增加，表現為口腔與身體衰弱，進而引發各種健康不良結果。現有研究多聚焦於口腔功能低下與身體衰弱對認知衰退、老年憂鬱、生活品質下降、失能及死亡等影響，但住院及跌倒風險的實證資料仍不足。
研究目的：分析社區老年人衰弱的比率，探討口腔功能低下與身體衰弱指標之相關以及其對住院及跌倒的影響。
研究方法：採前瞻性研究設計，以方便取樣於台灣6個社區收案65歲以上老年人，測量以下七項口腔功能低下，包括：口腔衛生、口乾、咬合力、口腔輪替運動、舌壓、咀嚼及吞嚥功能，以手握力作為身體衰弱評估，健康不良結果則以住院和跌倒情形作為指標。口腔功能低下與身體衰弱間的關係以皮爾森積差相關分析，最後以多變項羅吉斯迴歸分析口腔功能低下、身體衰弱與住院、跌倒之勝算比。
研究結果：此研究共收案179位（平均年齡74.2歲，女性占70.9%）。約有63.1%的老年人有口腔功能低下，34.6%有身體衰弱，23.5%合併口腔功能低下與身體衰弱。衰弱指標間關聯顯示舌壓、吞嚥功能與握力存在顯著正向關聯（p<0.05），而咀嚼困難是獨立住院風險因子（OR=1.169, 95% CI 1.013-1.348, p=0.032）。衰弱程度與跌倒並無顯著相關，然咀嚼能力對跌倒影響接近統計顯著差異（OR=1.143, 95% CI 0.998-1.309, p=0.054）。
研究結論：社區老年人口腔功能低下與身體衰弱盛行率偏高，且兩者存在顯著正向相關，當兩者並存時顯著增加住院風險，而咀嚼能力是獨立預測因子。結果支持將口腔功能納入衰弱評估的重要性，並提醒社區需重視口腔健康在預防住院與維護高齡者整體健康中的關鍵角色。

Frailty in later life has emerged as a critical public health concern as global societies enter an era of accelerated population aging. Both physical frailty and oral hypofunction represent interconnected manifestations of age-related physiological decline, yet their combined influence on adverse health outcomes—particularly hospitalization and falls—remains insufficiently understood. This prospective community-based study investigated the prevalence of oral hypofunction and physical frailty among Taiwanese older adults, explored the correlations among frailty indicators, and examined their association with hospitalization and falls. A total of 179 participants aged ≥65 years were recruited from six communities. Oral hypofunction was assessed using seven standardized indicators, and physical frailty was evaluated using handgrip strength. Logistic regression models were applied to determine the predictive effects on hospitalization and falls. Findings revealed high prevalence of oral hypofunction (63.1%) and physical frailty (34.6%), with 23.5% exhibiting both conditions. Tongue pressure, swallowing function, and handgrip strength demonstrated significant positive correlations. Chewing difficulty independently predicted hospitalization risk, and its association with falls approached significance. These results highlight the necessity of integrating oral function assessment into frailty screening and community health strategies.

內政部（2025，11月15日)．縣市人口年齡結構指標。https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346
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