機車是臺灣人的主要運具，機車騎士是臺灣成年用路人中死傷人數最高的族群。臺灣的道路環境、機車騎士的知識技能及態度，以及騎士的個人能力層面皆可能影響到騎士的騎乘安全。在個人層面中，高齡者的注意力及情境覺察能力可能受到老化、認知功能障礙而衰退，影響其對於複雜道路情境的偵測能力，但目前尚無具良好心理計量的工具可針對此功能進行客觀評量。因此本研究目的為發展臺灣機車騎士道路資訊偵測評量，並檢驗其信效度。
　　臺灣機車騎士道路環境偵測評量使用機車騎士於路口轉彎之短影片，請受測者在觀看影片過程中，以第一人稱視角，同時說出影響騎乘安全或行為適切性之環境資訊，影片結束後，提供紙本選項進行選取確認，最後詢問受測者是否認為影片中之騎士轉彎行為適宜。測驗結果為環境重要物體之偵測率及行為判斷正確率。
本研究首先針對影片內容及計分項目，進行專家效度評量。研究邀集三位來自交通運輸管理、交通警政、醫藥衛生相關背景專家，確認題項具充足代表性，最終本評量包括四部練習影片與十部正式測驗影片。
研究第二階段進行信效度及研究概念模型的檢驗。本研究共招募56位機車騎士，中年（35至50歲）與高齡騎士（75歲以上）各半。為理解工具時序穩定性，56名受測者於兩到四週後接受第二次影片測驗，測量物體偵測率及判斷正確率的再測信度。施測者內信度使用全部受測者由單一施測者之現場及錄影事後物體偵測率進行檢驗，施測者間信度由三位計分者使用錄影畫面之事後評分進行檢驗。三種信度使用組內相關係數 (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) 進行統計檢驗。已知族群效度使用兩組之物體偵測率及判斷正確率進行獨立t檢定分析，檢視工具是否能區辨族群差異。聚合效度使用路徑描繪測驗B部分完成時間，與環境偵測率進行皮爾森相關係數統計分析。最後，使用相關係數及迴歸分析檢驗研究概念架構，分別了解環境偵測及判斷能力的預測因子。
　　研究結果呈現本工具具中等再測信度，物體偵測率ICC = .74；判斷正確率ICC = .80，物體偵測率之施測者內信度極優 (ICC = .99)，施測者間信度極佳，物體偵測率及行為判斷正確率ICC皆為.95。已知族群效度支持本工具能夠區辨不同年齡層騎士之物體偵測與行為判斷正確率，中年騎士物體偵測率 (t = 4.10, p < .001) 及判斷正確率 (Z = -4.56, p < .001) 表現皆顯著優於高齡騎士。物體偵測率與路徑描繪測驗B部分完成時間呈現可接受的聚合效度 (ρ = - .58)。研究概念架構之檢驗發現中年騎士之物體偵測率與語言表達能力、視覺掃描速度顯著正相關，兩因子共解釋51.8%之模型變異量。行為判斷正確率與交通法規知識、分散性注意力具顯著正相關，兩因子共解釋53.2%之模型變異量；高齡騎士物體偵測率與分散性注意力、性別為女性顯著正相關，兩因子共解釋40.5%之模型變異量。高齡騎士之行為判斷正確率僅與教育程度趨近顯著相關，教育程度高者判斷正確率較高 (Z = -2.00, p =.05)。
本研究發現機車騎士可能對於道路環境偵測評量之測驗具記憶或學習效應，推測受測者可能在經過測驗後，能將辨識環境重要物體之技巧應用於日常生活中，此推論需再進行後續探究。中年與高齡騎士之道路環境偵測表現有顯著差異，符合研究預期；然而中年騎士對判斷行為是否正確之比例未達五成，高齡騎士更僅略高於二成，表示本影片測驗具備相當困難度，或是騎士觀察環境並整合道路法規知識之能力有待加強。與中年、高齡騎士之物體偵測及判斷正確率相關之人口統計學、身體功能、道路法規知識因子有所差異，建議未來針對不同年齡層之騎士進行道路情境觀察或適宜騎乘行為訓練或教學時，需進行教材、教法之適性調整，考量本研究發現之相關因子 （如掃描速度、分散性注意力、道路法規知識），降低學習障礙（如教育程度），並注重性別差異的影響。
　　本次發展的研究工具為第一個臺灣本土針對機車騎士道路環境觀察能力的工具，具有可接受的信效度表現。未來建議可與騎士真實上路的表現結果進行比較，了解其預測效度，並可進行眼球動作追蹤研究，深入探討騎士視覺掃描模式與實際物品感知之異同。

This study developed and validated the Road Environment Detection Assessment (REDA) for Taiwanese motorcyclists, addressing the lack of localized perceptual assessment tools in East Asian contexts. Using 10 short videos, REDA evaluates target detection ability and judgment of behavior appropriateness. Middle-aged and older motorcyclists (n = 28 per group) completed REDA twice at a 2–4-week interval, with initial performances independently rated by three assessors. Reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC), convergent validity (Spearman's ρ with Trail Making Test–Part B [TMT-B]), known-groups validity (independent t-tests), and associated factors (regression analyses) were evaluated.
REDA demonstrated moderate-to-good test-retest reliability (ICC = .74–.80), excellent inter-rater (ICC = .95), and intra-rater reliability (ICC = .99). Convergent validity was supported by an acceptable correlation with TMT-B (ρ = -.58). REDA had adequate known-groups validity to discriminate motorcyclists’ target detection ability and judgement of behavioral appropriateness in different age groups. Target detection performance was significantly associated with language expression ability and scanning speed among middle-aged motorcyclists (R² = 51.8%); with gender and alternating attention errors older motorcyclists (R² = 40.5%). Judgment of behavioral appropriateness was predicted by knowledge of road rules and alternating attention errors in middle-aged motorcyclists (R² = 53.2%), but only by educational attainment in older motorcyclists.
In conclusion, REDA is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating motorcyclists' road target detection and judgement of riders’ behavior appropriateness in East Asian traffic environments. Future research is recommended to validate REDA against on-road performance and eye-tracking data.

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