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研究生： 陳彥青
Chen, Yen-Ching
論文名稱： In-House模式下協同機制之探討
A study of coordinating mechanisms in the in-house model
指導教授： 呂執中
Lyu, Jr-Jung
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 工業與資訊管理學系
Department of Industrial and Information Management
論文出版年： 2011
畢業學年度： 99
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 64
中文關鍵詞： In-House 、供應鏈協同 、CPFR
外文關鍵詞： In-House, supply chain collaboration, CPFR
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    • 所謂的「In-House」是指上游廠商將零組件的生產線建置在下游客戶生產廠區內，以就近供應的方式，縮短零組件的交貨時間，同時降低運送過程中包裝、毀損的成本。然而，In-House模式運作的關鍵在於零組件生產過程中是否有穩定的原料供應。在客戶需求具有變動性且供應鏈成員缺乏資訊分享之情形下，上游廠商只能以本身單方面的預測結果進行原料採購及存貨計劃，倘若預測結果與實際需求之間出現落差，便產生所謂的「長鞭效應(bull-whip effect)」，造成原料存貨水準過高或缺料的狀況。
    由美國的產業共同商務標準協會(Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards；VICS)於1998年所提出之「協同規劃、預測與補貨」方法(Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, CPFR)，已被證實能夠有效增進需求預測的準確性，且藉由透過供應鏈成員共同對生產、採購、存貨計劃等活動的協調合作，能夠有效降低「長鞭效應」的影響。
    本研究以VICS協會所提出的CPFR概念為基礎，建構一個在In-House模式下的協同機制，試圖解決In-House模式中存貨問題，並透過模擬情境評估協同機制導入後之效益。研究結果顯示協同機制對於降低In-House模式下供應鏈總成本、提升顧客滿意度及存貨週轉率有明顯的成效。

    The "In-House" refers to the upstream manufacturers build the production line in the plant of the downstream customers for reducing the delivery time, the packaging costs and the damaged costs in the shipping process.
    However, the key factor of the In-House operation is whether it has a stable supply of raw material in the production process. With variability in customer demand and the lack of information sharing between supply chain members, the manufacturers proceed procurement and inventory planning of materials by their one-sided forecasting. If there exist a gap between the predicted and the actual demand, it would have the "bull-whip effect", it will result in an overstock or a shortage in raw material inventory.
    Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment, CPFR, proposed by the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards (VICS) in the 1998, had been proved can enhance the accuracy of demand forecasts effectively and reduce the “bull-whip effect” by the collaboration in the production, procurement and inventory planning activities between the supply chain members.
    This study proposes a coordinating mechanism base on CPFR concept to resolve the replenishment problem in the In-House model. And the simulation models are developed to assessment the benefit while the coordination mechanism was implemented. The results showed the coordinating mechanism has significant effects for reducing total cost, improve customer satisfaction and inventory turnover rate.

    摘要 ........................................... I 致謝 .......................................... III 目錄 ................................. IV 表目錄 ............................... VI 圖目錄 .................................................... VII 第一章 緒論 ................................ 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 ........................... 1 第二節 研究目的 ............................... 3 第三節 研究範圍 .............................. 4 第四節 研究流程 ............................ 4 第二章 文獻探討 ....................................... 6 第一節 In-House 模式 ............................. 6 2.1.1 In-House 模式的起源與定義 ......................... 6 2.1.2 In-House 模式的運作架構 ................... 7 2.1.3 In-House 模式的優缺點 .................... 8 第二節 協同供應鏈管理 ........................... 9 2.2.1 供應鏈協同 ............................ 10 2.2.2 CPFR 概述 ............................. 12 2.2.3 CPFR 方法論 ........................ 13 2.2.4 CPFR 結合系統模擬的應用 .................... 20 第三章 In-House 模式下協同機制之建構 .................... 22 第一節 問題描述 ......................................... 22 第二節 In-House 模式下協同補貨模型之建構 .................. 24 3.3.1 現況補貨模型 .................................. 24 3.3.2 協同補貨模型 .................................. 27 第三節 模型參數設定 ..................................... 30 3.4.1 控制參數 .................................... 30 3.4.2 績效衡量指標(KPI) ......................... 31 第四章 個案研究 .................................... 33 第一節 個案描述 ............................... 33 4.1.1 個案公司背景 ..................... 33 4.1.2 個案公司- In-House 模式 ................... 34 4.1.3 In-House 模式的優缺點 .......................... 37 4.1.4 個案公司的瓶胚存貨問題 .............................. 38 第二節 模擬情境說明 ...................................... 39 4.2.1 情境一 現況補貨模型(As-Is model) .............. 40 4.2.2 情境二 協同補貨模型(To-Be model) ................... 42 第三節 模擬數據分析 ....................... 44 4.3.1 模擬結果 ........................... 44 4.3.2 假設檢定 ................................. 45 4.3.3 敏感度分析 ..................... 45 4.3.4 小結與討論 .............................. 50 第五章 結論與建議 ................................ 52 第一節 結論 ....................................... 52 第二節 未來研究方向 .............................. 54 附錄一 .................................... 55 附錄二 .................................... 58 參考文獻 ...................................... 62

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