磷脂類(phospholipid)，是有一端親水性磷酸基和另一端親油性的脂肪酸(fatty acid)長鏈的兩親性分子，當磷脂分子的親水端和親油端各自互相聚集，形成了脂雙層結構並與蛋白質等其他物質一同形成了細胞膜，且為細胞膜最主要的成份。在過去的認知中，膜脂質(membrane lipid)僅提供細胞的結構功能，但近年來發現膜脂質藉由與蛋白質之間的結合和交互作用，進而去控制或是影響生物體內的各種功能，尤其以磷酸肌醇酯（phosphoinositides, PIs）最具有代表性。磷酸肌醇酯是由磷脂醯肌醇（phosphatidylinositol, PtdIns）及其七種磷酸化形式組成的一種磷脂類別。透過不同位置的磷酸化與蛋白質之間的互動實現了像是內吞作用(endocytosis)、囊泡運輸(vesicle transport)、調節鈣離子、信號傳遞等功能，由此可見若要了解磷酸肌醇酯造成的各種現象，必須要去探究蛋白質與之交互作用與結合關係。
現存的各種脂質資料庫，皆無提供任何物種的蛋白質與磷酸肌醇酯間的詳盡資訊。由於目前對於酵母菌的蛋白與八種磷脂醯肌醇之間的結合研究已趨於完整，且酵母菌一直以來都是了解其他真核生物的首選模式生物。因此我們嚴謹地蒐集包含蛋白質微陣列(protein microarray)、脂質陣列(lipid array)、QuickGO與網路上相關的各種研究資料及文獻，建立了第一個與磷酸肌醇酯結合之酵母菌蛋白資料庫(A Repository of Yeast PIs-Binding Proteins, YPIsBP)，總共有679個磷酸肌醇酯的結合蛋白，也提供包含會與脂質結合(lipid-binding)、與脂質相關(lipid-related)以及其他(others)總共三類的蛋白質結構域(domain)資訊。此外在YPIsBP中除了給使用者明確的蛋白質結合資訊以外，也進一步地提供了與磷酸肌醇酯結合傾向和可能具有的結構域富集分析。並且還能透過一個動態可視化網路圖，能夠更清楚的觀察蛋白質、結構域以及磷酸肌醇酯這三者之間的關係。這個資料庫除了提供現今所具備的知識外，也讓使用者能夠用新的觀點去探究磷酸肌醇酯與蛋白質之間的互動。
YPIsBP網址：http://cosbi7.ee.ncku.edu.tw/YPIsBP/

Phosphoinositides (PIs) are a class of phospholipids composed of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its seven phosphorylated forms. Phosphoinositides with its binding protein play important roles in various functions such as endocytosis, vesicle transport, regulation of calcium ions, signal transmission, etc. Obviously, it is necessary to understand the interaction and binding relationship between proteins and Phosphoinositides.
However, none of the existing lipid databases provide detailed information on the relationship between protein and Phosphoinositides of any species. Therefore, we rigorously collected various research data and literature including protein microarray, lipid array, QuickGO, and the Internet, and established the first yeast protein database that binds to phosphoinositide (A Repository of Yeast PIs-Binding Proteins, YPIsBP). There are a total of 679 PIs-binding proteins, and it also provides three types of protein domain information (lipid-binding, lipid-related, and other).
In addition to providing users with protein binding information in YPIsBP, it also provides PIs-binding and possible domain enrichment analysis. And through a visualization network diagram, the relationship between proteins, domains, and Phosphoinositides can be observed more easyly. As well as providing current knowledge, this database also allows users to explore the interaction between Phosphoinositides and proteins.

YPIsBP is available at: http://cosbi7.ee.ncku.edu.tw/YPIsBP/

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