工作記憶容量被定義為可以控制並保持注意力，以面對干擾或使其分心的事物時
的機制，具有個別差異。工作記憶容量的測量可反映個人由記憶所激發項目的能力，
提取或保留這些項目於注意力焦點(focus of attention)，並忽略干擾，將干擾抑制於注
意力焦點之外的能力。而工作記憶容量的測量也被證實與許多認知作業有關，工作記
憶的有限容量更是許多認知作業表現上的一個重要限制，因此測量工作記憶容量有助
於解釋認知作業表現上所出現的個別差異。由於類別學習對人類知識的形成有極為重
要的影響，類別學習中的知識分化現象可以清楚展現人類類別學習的個別差異，因此
本研究欲以受試者工作記憶容量大小試圖解釋類別學習中展現知識分化的個別差異
現象。因此沿用Yang 和Lewandowsky （2003,2004）類別學習實驗的類別結構以及五
項工作記憶作業為實驗作業，工作記憶作業分別為反向數字記憶作業、記憶更新作業、
運算廣度作業、語句判斷作業以及空間短期記憶作業。實驗一中檢驗工作記憶容量與
可口語化規則又心理可分割刺激材料的類別學習表現間的關係，結果發現工作記憶容
量大的受試者，類別學習表現越好，且越容易展現出知識分化的現象。實驗二中檢驗
工作記憶容量與不可口語化規則又心理無法分割刺激材料的類別學習表現間的關係，
但工作記憶容量與不可口語化規則又心理無法分割刺激材料的類別學習表現間的關
係不明確，可能是由於類別學習作業難度的提昇，以至於受試者的類別學習表現不明
確。

Working memory capacity was defined to mechanism which can control and sustain
attention in the face of interference and distraction and demonstrate individual difference.
Measuring working memory capacity reflects the ability to activate items in memory, to
bring or maintain them in the focus of attention, and to ignore or disregard interference
items or distractions. Subject’s working memory capacity correlate highly with their
performance of many cognitive tasks. The limitation of working memory reflects some
ability that is fundamental to cognitive abilities. Also category learning is important to
human conception formation. Knowledge partitioning in category learning showed clear
individual difference. So, in our research, we tried to confer the relationship between
working memory capacity and knowledge partitioning. We used Yang and Lewandowsky
(2004) experiment to be our category learning task and five working memory tasks. There
were two experiments in this research, the only difference between experiment 1 and 2 is
the rule of category learning task can be verbalized (exp 1) or not (exp 2). Experiment 1
found that the larger working memory capacity, the better category learning performance
and easier to show knowledge partitioning. Experiment 2 found that the relationship
between working memory capacity and category learning was not clear. Perhaps the
difficulty of category learning task in experiment 2 is higher than experiment 1.

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