簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 林芝
Lin, Chih
論文名稱： 上海市公共交通二氧化碳排放量之政策探討
A Policy Scenario Study of CO2 Emissions from Public Transport in Shanghai
指導教授： 張瀞之
Chang, Ching-Chih
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 交通管理科學系
Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science
論文出版年： 2010
畢業學年度： 98
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 48
外文關鍵詞： CO2 emission, Urban transportation management, Public transportation management, Transport energy consumption
相關次數： 點閱：64  下載：2 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • This research evaluates the atmospheric CO2 emissions from the operation of the
    metro systems, bus system, and rental cars that travel between the two airports in the
    Shanghai public transportation system. Five designed scenarios are defined according to
    the trend of increasing in the metro usage and decline in the usage of rental cars. The
    finding that the thermal power consumed by the urban metro system generates fewer CO2
    emissions and costs less than buses and rental cars implies that, under Scenario 4, a
    reduction of 24.05% in CO2 emissions and 44.74% in energy expenses for the urban
    public transportation system in Shanghai. This study further demonstrates that the most
    effective transportation policies are those which encourage urban commuters to shift from
    fossil fuel vehicle use to the metro transportation system. Measures and policies that
    encourage Shanghai urban travelers to adopt metro as their major transport mode instead
    of fuel automotives are suggested.

    Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT ...............................................................................................I LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... II LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................III CHAPTER 1 Introduction...........................................................................................1 1.1 Research Background....................................................................................1 1.2 Research Motivation......................................................................................6 1.3 Research Purpose.........................................................................................10 1.4 Research Framework ...................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2 Literature Review ...............................................................................14 2.1 Transportation and GHG emission ..............................................................14 2.2 Urban transportation, GHG emissions & Energy consumption..................16 CHPATER 3 Methodology........................................................................................18 3.1 Data Collection ............................................................................................18 3.2 The key factors of transport CO2 emissions ................................................20 3.3 Fuel vehicle CO2 emission ..........................................................................21 3.3.1 CO2 emissions in terms of liter of fuel .....................................................21 3.3.2 Fuel vehicle CO2 emission per passenger kilometer (pkm) .....................22 3.4 Shanghai’s daily ridership estimation..........................................................22 3.5 Prediction of Shanghai’s CO2 emission volume in different transport policy scenarios ............................................................................................................24 CHPATER 4 Empirical Analysis ..............................................................................25 4.1 Urban public vehicle CO2 emissions per pkm.............................................25 4.1.1 CO2 emissions from combustion of diesel and gasoline ..........................25 4.1.2 Fuel vehicle CO2 emission per pkm.........................................................25 4.2 Shanghai public transportation ridership estimation ...................................26 4.3 Scenario estimation- Shanghai public transport passenger volume............28 4.4 Public transport policy scenario for CO2 emission estimation....................33 4.5 CO2 emission estimation in policy scenario in comparison with CO2 emission volume in 2009...................................................................................35 4.6 Policy indication in energy cost efficiency perspective ..............................37 4.7 Results summary .........................................................................................39 CHPATER 5 Conclusions and Suggestions ..............................................................40 Reference ..................................................................................................................43 List of Tables Table 4.1.2 CO2 emission per pkm for the transport mode.......................................26 Table 4.2 Shanghai metro ridership on Dec. 31, 2009..............................................27 Table 4.3.1 2009 daily average public transport ridership........................................28 Table 4.3.2 The 4th quarter of 2009 daily average public transport ridership..........29 Table 4.3.3 Scenario definition .................................................................................30 Table 4.3.4 Urban public transport designed scenarios ............................................31 Table 4.3.5 Daily public transport ridership under designed scenarios ....................32 Table 4.4.1 Travel length between Honqiao Airport and Pudong Airport ................33 Table 4.4.2 Estimated daily CO2 emission volume under designed scenarios .........34 Table 4.5 Daily CO2 emissions under designed scenarios compared with 2009...36 Table 4.6.1 Maximum retail price of fuel .................................................................37 Table 4.6.2.............. Vehicular operation energy cost under the designed scenarios 38 List of Figures Figure 1.2 Location of Hongqiao Airport and Pudong Airport: Google map shot .....9 Figure 1.4 Research flowchart .........................................13

    Beckerman, W. (1992). Economic growth and the environment: Whose growth? whose environment? World Development, 20 (4): 481-496.
    Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Retrieved on Feb. 5, 2009: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_coun.html
    Cherry, C. R. (2007). Electric Two-Wheelers in China: Analysis of Environmental, Safety, and Mobility Impacts. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering-Civil and Environmental Engineering in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley, 1-200.
    Chiang, W. (2010). Shanghai rail network actively preparing for World Expo. Jie-Fung Daily. Retrieved on Mar. 13, 2010: http://www.shmetro.com/ node131/201001/con102699.htm
    Chiu, C. T. (2005). The Current Pavement Technologies in Taiwan. Asphalt, 48(217), 1-11.
    Delucchi, M. A. (2003). A LIFECYCLE EMISSIONS MODEL (LEM): LIFECYCLE EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION FUELS, MOTOR VEHICLES, TRANSPORTATION MODES, ELECTRICITY USE, HEATING AND COOKING FUELS, AND MATERIALS. Institute of Transportation Studies One Shields Avenue University of California Davis, California, 1-426.
    Delucchi, M. A. (2004). CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN LIFECYCLE ANALYSES OF TRANSPORTATION FUELS. Research Scientist Institute of Transportation Studies University of California Davis, 1-21.

    Dou, B. (2010). Analytical report of the composition of power generation costs and its impact on the effectiveness. Report of Investigation of Civil Affairs Bureau, 1-3.
    Feng, X. Z., Ji, Zou & Guo G.M. (2009). Estimation of the external cost from urban traffic congestion. China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House: ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. No.13, 2009.
    Gallagher, Kelly S., & Gustavo C. (2008). Analysis of Policies to Reduce Oil Consumption and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from the U.S. Transportation Sector. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Belfer Center, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.
    Kovats R. S., Bouma M.J.,Hajat S., Worrall E. & Haines A. (2003) El Nino and health. The Lancet, 362 (9394): 1481-1489
    Institute of Comprehensive Transportation of National Development and Reform Committee of China. (2007) Survey of Transport Energy Consumpion in China. Commissioned by KfW Entwicklungsbank.
    International Energy Agency (2002). KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS. Paris, France.
    International Energy Agency (2007). KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS. Paris, France.
    International Energy Agency (2007). WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2OO7: China and India Insights. Paris, France.
    International Energy Agency (2009). KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS. Paris, France.
    IPCC (2007). Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
    Lee, X. X. & Tsai C. H. (2007). Method in estimating CO2 emissions from gasoline vehicles in Taiwan. Master thesis of Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1-189.
    Lee, Y. D. (2010) China Shenhua: Coal price growth rate expected to exceed the rate for last year. China Securities Journal. Retrieved on Mar. 20th, 2010: http://news.stockstar.com/info/darticle.aspx?id=SS,20100316, 30026423
    McMichael, A. J., Woodruff, R. E., & Hales, S. (2006). Climate change and human health: present and future risks. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(06) 68079-3, 367(9513), 859-869.
    Narain J. P. (2009). Climate change brings natural disasters and disease. Flickr/Taekwonweirdo. Retrieved on Jun. 5th, 2009: http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/Narain_2009_cc_disasters_disease.pdf
    National Development and Reform Commission. (2009). Price Publication. Retrieved on Mar. 22nd, 2010: http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/jggl/ jgqk/default.htm
    Nicholls, R. J. (2004) Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: changes under the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios. Glob. Environ. Chang., 14, 69-86.
    Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. (2009). Global CO2 emissions: annual increase halved in 2008. Retrieved 2010-04-10: http://www.pbl.nl/en/news/pressreleases/2009/20090625-Global-CO2-emissions_-annual-increase-halved-in-2008.html.
    OECD Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics. Retrieved on May. 15th, 2009: http://oberon.sourceoecd.org/ vl=4511944/cl=19/nw=1/ rpsv/fact2008/.
    Peng, S., Huang, J., Sheehy, J. E., Laza, R. C., Visperas, R. M., Zhong, X., Centeno, G. S., Khush, G. S. & Cassman K. G. (2004). Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming. International Rice Research Institute, 101(27): 9971-9975.
    Pinto, G. & Oliver-Hoyo, M. T. (2008). Using the Relationship between Vehicle Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions To Illustrate Chemical Principles. Journal of Chemical Education, 85 (2): 218-220.
    Porter, J. R., & Semenov M. A. (2005). Crop responses to climatic variation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360(1463), 2021–2038.
    Product Name: VOLVO 9300. Chinabuses.com. Retrieved on Mar. 20th: http://www.chinabuses.com/product/buses/200808/product_60.html
    Ramanathan, R. (2000). A holistic approach to compare energy efficiencies of different transport modes. Energy Policy: 28 (11), 743-747.

    Singh, S. K. (2006). Future mobility in India: Implications for energy demand and CO2 emission. Transport Policy: 13(5), 398-412.
    Shanghai Metro Operation Center. (2010). End of the year 2009, Passenger scale peaked at 5.27 million passengers. Shanghai Metro Transportation Control Center. Retrieved on Feb. 6th, 2010: http://www.shmetro.com/node49/ 201001/con102620.htm.
    Shanghai Municipal Transport and Port Authority. (2010). Urban Transportation. Retrieved on Fed 27th, 2010: http://www.jt.sh.cn/ hygl/csjt/.
    Shanghai Municipal Transport and Port Authority. (2010). Operational Statistics. Retrieved on Feb. 2nd, 2010: http://www.jt.sh.cn/ hygl/sctj/index. html?pageIndex=1.
    John L. Sullivan (1998). Life Cycle Inventory of a Generic U.S. Family Sedan: Overview of Results. USCAR AMP Project. Ford Research.
    The Pew Center on Global Climate Change. (2007). Climate Change Mitigation Measures in the People’s Republic of China. Retrieved on Nov. 2nd, 2009: http://www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-basics /facts_and_figures/temp_ghg_trends/longco2temp.cfm.
    Thomas, C. D. (2004). Extinction risk from climate change. Nature. Retrieved on Jul. 2nd, 2010: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v427/ n6970/full/nature 02121.html
    Tsai, C. H. (2007). Taiwan CO2 emission abatement atrategic analysis of mobile sources. National Science Council Collaborative Research Project. Contract No. NSC 95－EPA－Z－006－005. Environmental Protection Administration, R.O.C.

    VECC-MEP (2004). Estimating National Annual Mileage, Gasoline Consumption, Diesel Consumption. Retrieved on Jan. 4th, 2010: http://www.vecc-mep.org.cn/eng/news/news_detail.jsp?newsid=e00426#.
    Westerling, A. L., Hidalgo, H. G., Cayan, D. R., & Swetnam, T. W. (2006). Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science: 313: 940–943.
    Wang, H. Y. (2001). Discussion on Grounding. Retrieved on Mar. 25th, 2010: www.cma-lpinfo.gov.cn/lpinfo/Download/jdzmwt_why.pdf.
    World Wildlife Fund. (2005). An overview of glaciers, glacier retreat, and subsequent impacts in Nepal, India and China. World Wildlife Fund, Nepal Programme.
    Yang, H. (2009). Average Fuel Consumption: 8.06L- Automotive Actual Fuel Consumption First-Time Ranking. China Radio International. Retrieved on Feb. 11th, 2010: http://big5.cri.cn/gate/big5/auto.cri.cn/ 3/2009/06/19/ 10s37795.htm.
    Zhao, M., Chang, W. G. & Yu, L. C. (2009). Resident Travel Modes and CO2 Emissions by Traffic in Shanghai City. RESEARCH OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 22(6), 748-752.

    無法下載圖示 校內：2020-12-31公開
    校外：不公開
    電子論文尚未授權公開，紙本請查館藏目錄
    QR CODE