由於氣候的變遷，許多國家將面臨極大的水資源壓力。而海水為地球上數量最大的水資源，開發利用海水淡化的技術被列為解決全球性水資源危機的方法之一。其中電容去離子(capacity deionization, CDI)具有低耗能的優點，為近年較新穎的中低鹽水電容脫鹽技術。利用在帶電的多孔碳電極中，使帶電荷的離子往相反的電極方向移動，並在孔洞間形成電雙層來達到移除水中離子的目的。在CDI的基礎上，薄膜電容去離子(membrane capacity deionization, MCDI)於正負電極表面加上一層離子交換膜(ion exchange membranes, IEMs)以增加離子選擇性，幫助離子不受水流干擾以正常遷移，並減少離子在脫附過程中吸附於反相電極表面的可能，從而提升電吸附效能以及電極的再生。
本研究利用生質廢棄物甘蔗渣製成多孔性碳電極，使用KOH化學活化劑分別在N2與CO2氣體下在進行微波活化，並探討不同微波功率、時間與氣體流速對多孔性碳之比表面積與孔體積的變化。以比表面積分析儀(BET)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)與循環伏安法(Cyclic voltammetry)等方法進行特性分析。其中，微波系統相較於傳統管式高溫爐製備碳電極，具有節省碳電極製備時間以及減少能源消耗等優點。
結果顯示在N2與CO2的條件下，為功率為700 Ｗ與微波時間5-7分鐘為最佳。微波系統N2氣對於微波沒有微波誘導性，不同流速對於比表面積與孔洞變化沒有明顯差異，數據結果為比電容值為177 F/g，電吸附量為9.4 mg/g。但在CO2氣氛下，碳電極具有較佳的孔洞發展條件，其中流量300 cm3/min比表面積為最佳，電吸附的結果顯示，在CO2流量300 cm3/min的氣氛下以700 W，5分鐘微波活化獲得較高的效能，其比電容值為208 F/g，電吸附量為28.97 mg/g，相較於在N2氣體下製備的電極有較好的電容去離子性能。

According to the United Nation report, the water scarcity is one of the global problems in recent years due to climate change, increased demand and pollution issues. Desalination technology could be a possible solution to solve this problem. Among many promising technologies, membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an emerging technology for the energy-efficient and cost-effective removal of ions from salt water by electrosorption via charged porous carbon electrodes at low voltages.
In this study, sugarcane bagasse biowastes are applied to synthesize carbon electrode materials by microwave-assisted carbonization and activation. The microwave radiation has the advantages of reducing reaction time and enhancing uniform heating. In terms of activation, preparation of biowaste-derived carbons invoke physical and chemical activation. The activation by potassium hydroxide under N2 or CO2 flow can change ratios of mesopores and micropores structure to provide a large surface area for ions easy access to the electrode interface. The suitable pore size distribution serves as the rapid transport of ions in the electrode and good electrical conductivity. Therefore, the influences of activated time and activated gas on carbon morphology and the ratio of mesoporosity have been studied and the best conditions for desalination performance were determined by membrane capacitive deionization.
The operational parameters have been tested at the microwave power from 500 W to 800 W, different irradiation time (3-9 min) and flow rates (100-600 cm3/mL) under the N2 and CO2 flows. These results show that carbon electrodes have mesopore ratios (Vmeso/Vtot) of about 55.9% and 56.7% under the N2 and CO2 activation, respectively. The BET specific surface area is approximately between 600 m2/g and 1000 m2/g. By using cyclic voltammetry, the specific capacitance of samples with CO2 activation is calculated to be about 208 F/g, which is higher than that with N2 activation (177 F/g). As a result, the CO2-700-5-300 sample has the surpassing electrosorption capacity of 28.9 mg/g in 5 mM NaCl solution at 1.2 voltage.

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