生物質為含量豐富的可再生資源，可以透過生物轉化的方式生產生物能源和生物材料。木質纖維素生物質經生物轉化方式生成生質能源需要三個過程，預處理、酵素水解和發酵，然而水解酶的成本是商業生產生物燃料的主要障礙之一。目前植物已被當成生物反應器用來生產各種蛋白質，因為其具有的低成本的潛能，其中也包含用來生產生物燃料的纖維素水解酶。Sulfolobus solfataricus是一種嗜熱性且嗜酸性的古細菌，生長於硫充足的環境下，可以在80℃左右的高溫和低pH約2-4的條件下生長。在本研究中，我們在煙草中表達來自S. solfataricus的β-葡萄糖苷酶基因，並與細菌表達的重組酶進行比較。由rbcS啟動子驅動3個含有β-葡萄糖苷酶基因得植物細胞核表達載體，並且重組蛋白分別累積在葉綠體，內質網和液泡中積累。並且從中挑選出 β-glucosidase 活性表現高的轉基因植物，期望能有潛力解決工業上生產問題。

Biomass is an abundant renewable resource can product bioenergy and biomaterials through biotransformation. The biotransformation of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels usually requires three processes, pretreatment, enzymatic hydration and fermentation. The cost of hydrolytic enzymes is one of major limiting factors in the commercial production of biofuel. Plants have been used as bioreactor to produce various kinds of proteins including hydrolytic enzymes used in biofuel production because of the potentially low cost. Sulfolobus solfataricus is a thermoacidophilic archaeon, which can grow optimally at high temperature around 80℃ and low pH about 2-4 levels under sufficient sulfur environments. In the present study, we overexpressed the β-glucosidase gene from S. solfataricus in transgenic tobacco and compared with that of bacteria-expressed recombinant enzyme. Three plant nuclear expression vectors were constructed with the expression of β-glucosidase gene driven by rbcS promoter, and the recombinant proteins were accumulated in chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles, respectively. Agrobacteria-mediated method was used to generate transgenic tobacco lines. The plant-expressed β-glucosidase with accumulation in chloroplasts showed higher activity than that of the ER and vacuole. The transgenic plants showed no obvious defect in growth and developmental.

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