目的：本研究目的在驗證高齡者身體素養量表信效度及高齡者身體素養與功能性體適能之相關。
方法：本研究以238位年齡65以上之高齡者作為研究對象，填答已出版的、適用青少年與成人的18題身體素養量表(Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument, PPLI, Cronbach's α=.949)並進行功能性體適能檢測。以信度分析及因素分析驗證身體素養量表於高齡者之構念效度並擷取高齡者身體素養之要素。另外，藉由單因子變異數分析(One-way ANOVA)及t檢定(t-test)比較教育及規律運動對高齡者身體素養的影響。最後，透過Pearson相關性分析及多元迴歸分析了解高齡者身體素養中身體能力與功能性體適能的關係。
結果：從原18題的身體素養量表最終擷取11題為高齡者身體素養量表(Cronbach’s = .90)，其中分為「運動態度」「運動能力」及「社交技能」三個要素；在差異性部分，結果顯示教育程度會對於身體活動能力產生顯著差異(p < .05)；在運動階段部分則是不論在身體活動態度、身體活動能力或是整體身體素養都有顯著差異(p < .05)。在相關性部分，上肢肌力、30秒肱二頭肌屈舉與三個要素均呈顯著相關，其他如身體質量指數、握力及兩分鐘踏步，則各自與高齡者身體素養的各自構面呈現顯著相關(p < .05) ，並形成一迴歸方程式。
結論：參酌原有18題成人身體素養量表(PPLI)而擷取出的11題高齡者身體素養量表(SPPLI) 具信效度；透過分析結果可得知身體質量指數、握力、30秒肱二頭肌屈舉及兩分鐘踏步能夠做為檢測高齡者身體能力的項目，其中以上肢肌耐力為影響身體素養重要關鍵。建議未來若要評估高齡者身體素養及其中的身體能力可以用較簡短的量表及進行30秒肱二頭肌屈舉做為身體能力的最基本代表性評估，若有餘力再加上其他身體質量指數、握力及兩分鐘踏步的評估。另外，在未來推廣研究時應考慮教育程度及運動階段等影響因素給予不同的建議。

Purpose: To validate the Senior Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (SPPLI) and to identify its association with the Senior Functional Fitness Test (SFFT).
Methods: The study recruited 238 older adults aged 65 or older to fill out the 18-item Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI) (Cronbach's α=.949), which was tested on adolescents and adults, and to complete the SFFT. Internal consistency reliability was calculated and principle component analysis was conducted to verify the construct validity of SPPLI and extract its components. One-way ANOVA and t-test were applied to assess the association between Physical Literacy (PL) and participants’ educational attainment and exercise habits. Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used to verify the relationship between physical competence of PL and senior functional fitness.
Results: Eleven items were captured from the 18-item PPLI as the SPPLI (Cronbach’s α= .90). Three identified components of the SPPLI are attitude (F1), ability (F2) and sociality (F3). Significant differences were discovered in F2 by educational attainment (p < .05) and in all three components by exercise behavior (p < .05). The upper limb muscle endurance and 30-second arm curl were significantly correlated with all three components (p < .05). As to body mass index (BMI), hand grip strength and two-minute step, each item was significantly correlated with the respective elements of the SPPLI (p < .05), as identified by a regression equation.
Conclusion: The 11-item SPPLI, which was captured from the 18-item PPLI, has proper reliability and validity. Body mass index, hand grip strength, 30-second arm curl and two-minute step could be used to test senior’s physical competence. Among them, upper limb muscle endurance is a key to senior physical literacy. It is recommended that SPPLI and 30-second arm curl could be the essential measurement to assess senior’s physical literacy. When time and resource allow, BMI, hand grip strength and two-minute step could be added in. In addition, senior’s education attainment and exercise behavior should be considered in future research.

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