| 研究生: |
李春樹 Lee, Chun-Shu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
銅鋅鉛在污染土壤中之化學型態及其萃取性研究 Fractionation and Extractability of Copper, Zinc, and Lead in Contaminated Soils |
| 指導教授: |
高銘木
Kao, Ming-Muh |
| 學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2004 |
| 畢業學年度: | 92 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 141 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 銅 、鋅 、鉛 、型態 、萃取性 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Lead, Zinc, Copper, Fractionation, Extractability |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:205 下載:7 |
| 分享至: |
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化學萃取法為一相當有效之土壤重金屬復育技術,但重金屬及土壤間之交互作用使得重金屬在土壤中之吸附性難以預估,加上萃取操作條件不明確而侷限了其應用性。本研究利用多重化學試劑連續萃取法來了解銅、鋅及鉛在土壤中之化學型態分佈,並藉由等溫吸附試驗、實驗室人工添加銅、鋅及鉛污染土壤(陳厝寮土、將軍土及二林土)及現地土壤(湖內土及仁德土)萃取試驗,探討銅、鋅及鉛在污染土壤中之萃取性及其相關影響因子。
研究結果顯示,銅、鋅及鉛在各土壤中之型態分佈與等溫吸附試驗結果相當吻合;生物不可利用型態含量愈高,等溫吸附之Kd值亦愈高。各土壤對銅、鋅及鉛之吸附能力大小皆為:二林土>將軍土>陳厝寮土;重金屬吸附能力大小則為:銅>鋅>鉛。pH值對銅、鋅及鉛在不同土壤中之化學型態分佈影響並不顯著。土壤有機質移除則會造成有機態及殘餘態銅、鋅及鉛轉移至鐵錳氧化態及碳酸鹽態。無論在陳厝寮土、將軍土或二林土中,在液固比8/1及萃取時間60分鐘操作條件下,EDTA萃取能力皆優於其他三種試劑,且EDTA與銅、鋅及鉛之最適莫耳比分別為2~4、2~4及9~11。實驗室萃取試驗所得萃取條件在現地試驗萃取時亦能有效將銅、鋅及鉛自土壤中移除。
由EDTA對銅、鋅及鉛之萃取差異可看出,在不同土壤中,重金屬化學型態屬吸附性較強的殘餘態及有機態者,其萃取量較低,且達到萃取平衡所需時間較長。若多種重金屬同時存在於同一土壤中,則重金屬濃度差異所造成的影響可能大於重金屬在土壤中存在型態之吸附性強弱影響。
Recent advances in the extracting of heavy metals from contaminated soils using chemical reagents within aqueous solutions have shown much promise for soil extracting as an alternative technology. Unfortunately, the lacks of understanding concerning the chemistry of soil metal speciation, interpartical extraction dynamics, and valid operation terms have limited this promising technology to very small scope applications. In this study, extractability of heavy metals in three artificially contaminated soils and two polluted soils were studied using isotherm adsorption and chemical extraction experiments. The sequential extraction technique was used to determine the distribution between fractions and the potential solubilization of heavy metals from the solid phases.
The results show that the sequence of Cu, Zn and Pb adsorption ability for test soils was as follows : Cu>Zn>Pb. The Kd values obtained from batch isotherm experiments are also extremely depended on the formal distribution of metals. The chemical fractionation of Cu, Zn and Pb had shifted away from the organically bound form toward the Fe-Mn oxides, when organic matter was partly removed. This observation indicates that Cu, Zn and Pb were present in the test soils in a relatively unstable form. On the other hand, the chemical fractionation had not changed significantly at various pH levels.
The removal efficiencies of Cu, Zn, and Pb from test soils for various chelating agents and acids followed the descending order EDTA>DTPA>Citric Acid>HCl. From the point of view of removal efficiency and operating capital, it is recommended that the optimal ratios of molar for EDTA to Cu, Zn, and Pb were 2 to 4, 2 to 4, and 9 to 11, respectively. The low removal efficiencies of Cu, Zn and Pb observed in various soils are proved due to that the Cu, Zn and Pb in soils were associated in strong adsorption forms.
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