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研究生: 盧映如
Lu, Ying-Ju
論文名稱: 顯微式攝影機擷取脈搏訊號之可行性分析
A Feasibility Study of Using Webcam to Acquire the Pulse Signals
指導教授: 鄭育能
Jeng, Yu-Neng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 90
中文關鍵詞: 影像訊號血氧模組訊號交叉相關係數頻譜分析
外文關鍵詞: webcam image signal, SaO2 ( oxyhemoglobin concentration) signal, cross-correlation function
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  • 本文使用顯微攝影機量測頸動脈及手腕橈動脈管壁訊號,也用血氧模組量測血氧含量,其次應用傅立葉正弦頻譜和傅立葉正弦時頻產生器作後處理,再分別研究各動脈訊號與血氧含量在心跳頻帶的相關性。本文主要探討非接觸式影像擷取動脈訊號的可行性,其過程是先將影像轉為灰階,累加灰階值作為影像訊號,再由頻譜產生器做訊號後處理畫出頻譜。而用血氧模組機量測血氧訊號,也是由頻譜產生器畫出頻譜。頻譜產生器包括以下過程:先移除非週期和極低頻部份,再求取傅立葉正弦頻譜。隨後對頻譜取有限的帶狀頻帶後,求得傅立葉正弦時頻之實數部份,再求相對訊號的相關性,作定量上交叉相關係數(Cross-Correlation Coefficient)比較。此外也應用希爾伯特轉換式求得振幅並畫出時頻圖。實驗對象為三位年齡為23至25歲的同學,每天量取數筆數據。結果發現在二種訊號的心跳頻率對應位置中,交叉相關係數值接近1和-1,絕大多數接近-1。本文也將二種訊號的頻譜圖中的心跳頻率的實驗數據做比對。方法是以血氧模組假設為標準值,影像訊號則假設為實驗值,以計算其誤差。從結果發現誤差值在實驗誤差之內,由此可知,本研究之目標的可行性甚為樂觀。

    This study employs the Fourier sine spectrum and spectrogram generator to study three pulse signal data: the first two were measured from the neck artery and the wrist artery via the webcam system, and the third taken from an oxyhemoglobin concentration system. This study main to analyze the possibility of using the webcam system to acquire the pulse signals. The main tool is to check the coefficient of the cross correlation function between their spectra, especially between the image data of the webcam and (oxyhemoglobin concentration) data. The objects of experiment involve 3 normal persons, and the period of experiment was approximate 3 months. Every experiment data includes the image data and date. From their spectra and spectrograms, their time domain data with respect to single and two Fourier modes were evaluated. Then, their corresponding coefficients of the cross-correlation function with respect to the Fourier modes were examined. The results show that most coefficients between the webcam image signals and the ( oxyhemoglobin concentration) signals, whose anamneses show they had recovered eventually, approach to -1 or 1. Almost all the differences between the webcam image signals and the ( oxyhemoglobin concentration) signals are within the error tolerance of sampling rate and data span. Therefore, it seems that the research of using a webcam to catch the pulse signal is a worthwhile effort.

    中文摘要...........I Abstract............II 誌謝................IV 目錄................VI 圖目錄...........IX 符號說明........XII 第一章 序論 1 1-1 研究動機 2 1-2 研究目的 3 1-3 文獻回顧 4 第二章 實驗方法 7 2-1實驗設備 7 2-2實驗步驟 9 2-2-1血氧模組訊號 9 2-2-2頸動脈影像灰階訊號 11 2-2-3手腕動脈影像灰階訊號 12 2-2-4交叉相關係數分析 13 第三章 理論分析 15 3-1 修正型單調性三次方分段內插法 16 3-2 疊代式濾波器法 17 3-3 低誤差傅立葉正弦頻譜法 23 3-4 小波法-Morlet轉換式 25 3-5 強化的Morlet轉換式 28 3-6 希爾伯特(Hilbert)轉換式 28 3-7 Gabor轉換式 29 3-8 新時頻圖(spectrogram)產生器 30 3-9 Webcam的影像數據分析 33 3-9-1轉換影像數據為時變數據之驗證 33 3-9-2人體影像數據之應用 35 3-10 血氧模組的基本構造和原理 36 3-10-1 血氧飽和濃度作用原理 36 3-10-2 血氧飽和濃度作用定義 37 3-10-3 比爾朗伯定律(Beer Lambert's Law) 38 3-10-4 血氧飽和濃度數學推導 39 3-11 交叉相關係數 42 3-12 交叉相關係數的物理意義 42 第四章 結果與討論 44 4-1影像實驗驗證 44 4-1-1伺服馬達轉速監測 44 4-1-2 LED光源和Webcam系統 45 4-2頸動脈訊號與血氧訊號之頻譜分析 45 4-3手腕動脈訊號與血氧訊號之頻頻分析 48 4-4血氧訊號和動脈影像訊號誤差分佈 49 4-4-1血氧訊號v.s.頸動脈訊號誤差分佈 49 4-4-2血氧訊號v.s.手腕動脈訊號誤差分佈 49 4-5頸動脈訊號與血氧訊號之相關係數分析比較 50 4-6手腕動脈訊號與血氧訊號之相關係數分析比較 51 4-7三種訊號量測結果的結論 52 第五章 結論與未來工作 53 參考文獻 55 結果附圖 60 自述 89 著作權聲明 90

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