近年來，全球對可持續發展的關注日益增加。2015年，聯合國大會發布了一套全面的可持續發展目標，旨在推動這一重要概念，確保地球擁有一個可持續的未來。歐洲國家也為此做出了貢獻，推出了一系列措施來促進這一理念。然而，預測顯示2021-2022年未能實現2030年減少55%碳排放的目標。此外，《金融時報》指出，俄烏戰爭和未來5-10年高煤炭產量的增加是潛在的阻礙因素，可能會阻礙實現2030年目標的進展。有鑑於此，歐盟國家的資源分配有可能成為一個要重新考慮的問題，以確保各國在各個方面的有效性。同時，這些領域需要與可持續發展目標保持一致，以建立一個連貫且綜合的方法來推進可持續發展。

本研究旨在以目標7為基礎（確保所有人都能獲得可負擔的、可靠的、可持續的和現代的能源），運用兩階段動態SBM DEA方法評估21個歐盟國家在2017年至2020年期間在能源、經濟、環境和溫室氣體排放方面的表現。研究結果顯示：(1）丹麥、芬蘭、拉脫維亞、羅馬尼亞和瑞典在各方面表現最好，因為總效率等於1，它們在能源使用和經濟之間達到了良好的平衡；（2）在階段效率，生產階段表現較佳，平均效率為0.81，而可持續階段的平均效率為0.62；（3）在象限矩陣中，能源研發投資對能源強度的貢獻比可再生能源比例更顯著，因此，指標7. 3（到2030年，將全球能源效率的改善率提高一倍）與本研究中的指標7.2（到2030年，大幅提高可再生能源在全球能源結構中的份額）相比，顯示出較佳的結果；（4）保加利亞和葡萄牙在各方面的表現都需要大幅改善，因為它們總體效率低於0.5。

Sustainable development has garnered considerable global attention in recent years. In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly unveiled an extensive collection of sustainable development goals with the objective of championing this critical concept and securing a sustainable future for our planet. These goals encompass various areas and serve as a blueprint for fostering economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental preservation on a global scale. Moreover, the European countries also contribute to it and take noteworthy actions to promote this concept. However, projections for 2021-2022 do not reflect efforts to achieve the net 55% reduction target for 2030. Besides, The Russia-Ukraine War and high coal production over the next 5-10 years are potential setbacks that may impede progress towards the 2030 goal according to the article by Financial Times. Considering these challenges, it is conceivable that the allocation of resources among European Union nations may necessitate reevaluation. It is imperative to ensure that each nation maintains its effectiveness across various domains while aligning them with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to establish a coherent and integrated approach.

Therefore, the purpose of this research is to focus on the goal 7 (Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all) and access the performance of 21 European Union nations in the areas of energy, economy, environment, and greenhouse gas emissions during the period spanning from 2017 to 2020. Two stages dynamic SBM DEA is applied in this study. It could be briefly conclude that: (1) Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Romania, and Sweden performed the best in all aspects as the overall efficiency is equal to 1; (2) It is found that the production stage performs better, with an average efficiency of 0.81, while the sustainable stage has an average efficiency of 0.62; (3) the contribution of energy investment in R&D on energy intensity is more significant than the share of renewable energy in the quadrant matrix, therefore, the indicator 7.3 (By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency) exhibits better results compared to indicator 7.2 (By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix) in this study; (4) Bulgaria and Portugal have an unsatisfactory performance in all aspects as the overall efficiency is lower than 0.5.

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