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研究生：	張尚仁 Chang, Shang-Ren
論文名稱：	台灣白花蝴蝶蘭與蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭的四個連鎖群的比較性螢光原位雜合圖譜 Comparative FISH mapping of 4 linkage groups between Phalaenopsis aphrodite and Phalaenopsis equestris.
指導教授：	張松彬 Chang, Song-Bin
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	生物科學與科技學院 - 生命科學系 Department of Life Sciences
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	73
中文關鍵詞：	台灣白花蝴蝶蘭、蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭、連鎖群、粗絲期染色體、比較性螢光原位雜合圖譜、共線性
外文關鍵詞：	P. aphrodite, P. equestris, linkage group, pachytene, comparative FISH mapping, collinearity
相關次數：	點閱：134 下載：8
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在被子植物中，蘭科(Orchidaceae)為最大的分類群集，目前已有超過28000個物種。蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis)由於其獨特的外型及多變的顏色，使其成為蘭科中最受歡迎的一群。在台灣，有兩種原生蝴蝶蘭，分別為台灣白花蝴蝶蘭(P. aphrodite)及蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭(P. equestris)。由於這兩種蝴蝶蘭皆為蘭花育種中重要的親本植物，因此這兩個物種的研究對於蘭花育種而言是相當重要的。而在育種的發展上，細胞遺傳學的研究能夠提供許多必要且實用的資訊，因此進行細胞遺傳學的研究將能幫助育種的進行。本研究挑選了四個台灣白花蝴蝶蘭的連鎖群(linkage group)，透過建立比較性螢光原位雜合圖譜(comparative FISH mapping)的方式分析這四個連鎖群在蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭粗絲期(pachytene)染色體上的位置。根據研究結果發現這四個連鎖群皆具有高保留度，且在此兩物種相對應的染色體上皆具有共線性(collinearity)。此外也發現在一些染色體上具有染色體重組(rearrangement)的現象。總結本研究的結果確定了這四個連鎖群在蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭單一染色體上的位置，使蘭嶼姬蝴蝶蘭各別染色體的辨識更加容易。此外，這些結果也將對未來進行系統化育種的發展以及蘭花演化的研究帶來更多幫助。

With more than 28000 species, Orchidaceae is the biggest family in angiosperms. Phalaenopsis becomes one of the most popular groups of orchids because of their various morphology and colors. In Taiwan, there are two native Phalaenopsis species, P. aphrodite and P. equestris. Both of them are served as important parents in orchid breeding programs. Therefore, understanding and revealing the genetic information of the two species by cytogenetic analysis will be beneficial to orchid breeding. Here, we selected four linkage groups of P. aphrodite and systematically identify their positions on pachytene chromosomes of P. equestris by comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) mapping. Our results showed that the four linkage groups are conserved and there is collinearity between some chromosomes of P. aphrodite and their corresponding chromosomes in P. equestris. We also identified chromosomal rearrangements between the two species. Overall, our results revealed the precise positions of the four linkage groups on a single chromosome in P. equestris which will facilitate the identification of each chromosome. The results gained in this study will contribute to systematic orchid breeding and enhance the understanding of orchid evolution.

Contents
摘要	I
Abstract	II
Contents	III
List of Table	V
List of figure	VI
Chapter 1 Introduction	1
1.1 Phalaenopsis	1
1.2 Cytogenetics	1
1.3 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)	2
1.4 Application of FISH on plant studies	3
1.5 Comparative FISH mapping	4
1.6 Previous cytogenetic studies of Phalaenopsis species	4
1.7 Purpose	5
Chapter 2 Material and method	7
2.1 Plant material	7
2.2 Pachytene chromosome slide preparation	7
2.2.1 Pretreatment of slides	7
2.2.2 Chromosome stage examination	7
2.2.3 Preparation of chromosome slides by drop method	8
2.3 Probe preparation	9
2.3.1 Plasmid DNA extraction	9
2.3.2 DNA probe labeling by nick translation	10
2.4 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)	10
2.5 Analysis and measurement	12
Chapter 3 Results	13
3.1 Comparative FISH mapping of linkage group 04 between P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	13
3.1.1 FISH mapping of linkage group 04 on chromosome 5 of P. equestris.	13
3.1.2 Collinearity of linkage group 04 and chromosomal rearrangement between  P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	14
3.2 Comparative FISH mapping of linkage group 10 between P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	14
3.2.1 FISH mapping of linkage group 10 on chromosome 16 of P. equestris.	15
3.2.2 Collinearity of linkage group 10 and chromosomal rearrangement between  P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	16
3.3 Comparative FISH mapping of linkage group 11 between P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	16
3.3.1 FISH mapping of linkage group 11 on chromosome 12 of P. equestris	16
3.3.2 Collinearity of linkage group 11 and chromosomal rearrangement between  P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	17
3.4 Comparative FISH mapping of CHS124207 and linkage group 19 between P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	18
3.4.1 FISH mapping of CHS124207 and linkage group 19 on chromosome of P. equestris	18
3.4.2 Collinearity of linkage group 11 and chromosomal rearrangement between  P. Aphrodite and P. equestris	19
Chapter 4 Discussion	20
4.1 The rearrangement of DL04-S246 between chromosome 10 of P. aphrodite and chromosome 16 of P. equestris	20
4.2 The difference of heterochromatin between chromosome 11 of P. aphrodite and chromosome 12 of P. equestris	21
Chapter 5 Conclusion	22
Chapter 6 Reference	23
Chapter 7 Tables	30
Chapter 8 Figures	44
Appendix	73


                                    

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