過去地表變形研究工作顯示，臺灣西南部之地表應變速率遠大於臺灣本島之平均值，然而此高應變速率可能是由於泥貫入體之持續發育所造成的。換言之，臺灣西南部地區之應變速率雖然很高，但是受到泥貫入體活動的影響並不容易累積能量並引發地震。目前分析地表變動方式，包括水準站、連續站、移動站及DInSAR資料，其中移動站由於僅為年施測且每測回測站分布較疏，因此資料的時間及空間連續性較低。InSAR資料所得之地表變化為相對衛星視角方向(LOS)之成果，對於地表變形研究的效果有限，主因是失相關(decorrelation)現象及信噪比(Signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)在高植被覆蓋的區域低，導致解算地表位移的困難度。因此，本研究使用中央地質調查所自2002年至2020年設置之岡山至安坡及路竹至茂林兩條東西向之水準測線資料並進行資料濾除，接著篩選距水準測線較近且品質穩定之GNSS連續站然後挑選出最佳的約制對組合，並藉由GNSS連續站之分析成果修正2010年甲仙、2016年美濃地震震後效應對水準速度擬合的影響，獲得臺灣西南部於甲仙地震前、甲仙至美濃地震間與美濃地震後相對於大陸邊緣的澎湖白沙S01R站之三時期垂直速度場。綜觀水準測線之垂直速度場，其變形形態在小崗山斷層至旗山斷層之泥岩區及中洲背斜附近皆為抬升，且北段又較南段多約 10 mm/yr，北段之抬升速度以第一時期為最高約為 24 mm/yr，南段則以第二時期最高約為8 mm/yr。歷年垂直變形剖面分析顯示，泥貫入體向上抬升的現象可能影響鄰近之斷層存在潛移之特性。此外，地表垂直變形與地表高程為不完全相關，中洲及古亭坑背斜左側與大崗山背斜及車瓜林斷層右側分別存在呈鐘型分布之抬升峰值，推測為活動泥貫入體之軸心位置，且該結果可能為深層存在沿滑脫面發育之東傾逆衝斷層，使原向上拱之泥貫入體軸心向左偏移。透過移動平均成果未能完全擬合活動斷層與泥貫入體所貢獻的垂直變形，推測本研究區域之西南部泥岩區的垂直地表變形主要受到泥貫入體影響。

Previous surface deformation studies have shown that the surface strain rate in southwestern Taiwan is much higher than the average in Taiwan. However, this high strain rate may be caused by the continuous development of mud diapir. In other words, though the strain rate in the southwestern part of Taiwan is high, it is not easy to accumulate energy and cause earthquakes under the effect of the mud intrusion. At present, the surface changes are analyzed, including leveling stations, CGPS stations, RGPS stations and DInSAR data. RGPS stations are only measured annually and the distribution of each survey is sparse, so the temporal and spatial continuity of the data is low. The surface changes obtained from the InSar data are the results of the relative satellite view direction (LOS), and the effect on the study of surface deformation is limited. The main reasons are the decorrelation phenomenon and the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the areas covered by high vegetation, which lead to the difficulty of solving the surface displacement. Therefore, this study uses the data of two leveling lines which crosses the northern side of Takangshan hill and the southern region of Hsiaokangshan hill. The stations are set up by the Central Geological Survey from 2002 to 2020 and filters the data. Then, selected CGPS that are close to the leveling lines and has stable quality as the constrain station. Through the analysis results of continuous GPS station to select the best constraint combination to correct the influence of the postseismic effect on the vertical velocity fitting with one earthquake and two events. Thus, we can obtained the vertical velocity field relative to the continental margin before the earthquake, between the Jiaxiang and Minong earthquakes, and after the Minong earthquake. From the vertical velocity field, its deformation pattern is uplift in the mudstone area from the Shaogangshan fault to the Chishan fault and near the Zhongzhou anticline, and the northern section is about 10 mm/yr more than the southern section. The uplift rate of the northern section was the highest in the first period, about 24 mm/yr, and the highest in the southern section was about 8 mm/yr in the second period. The analysis of vertical deformation profile show that the uplift of mud diapir may affect the nearest fault to have the characteristic of creeping. In addition, the vertical deformation of the surface is not completely correlated with the surface elevation. There are bell-shaped uplift peaks found on the left side of the Zhongzhou and Gutingkang anticlines；right side of the Dagangshan anticline and Chegualin fault , which are presumed to be the axes of active mud diapir. The result may be that there is an east-dipping thrust fault developed along the detachment surface in the deep layer, which shifts the axis of the mud diapir. The moving average results cannot fully fit the vertical deformation contributed by active faults and mud diapir. It is inferred that the vertical deformation of the mudstone area is mainly dominated by mud diapirs in SW Taiwan.

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