英語助動詞或副詞的使用可以影響對整個句子的詮釋，現代漢語的副詞也具有此特性。當討論到漢語的副詞時，前人的研究文獻大多與情態相關，像是情態副詞或認知情態詞，然而，雖然此篇也是探討漢語副詞，但不同於前人學者的情態觀點，本研究會以副詞的特性、態度語式與施為語勢的觀點去分析漢語副詞，並以現代漢語副詞「乾脆」一詞為例，發現此副詞和態度語式與語用分析極為相關，彌補了以情態詞觀點來探討的部分缺失，覺得「乾脆」屬於一種態度副詞。
此研究目標為分析現代漢語態度副詞「乾脆」的語法與語意的特性和語用的功能。首先，語法特性包含了「乾脆」所出現的句法位置、句型與態度分析，發現它除了可以在句中以外，也常常出現在句首位置，且可以使用在直述、命令與反詰疑問句式，根據「乾脆」一詞，本文也描述了態度副詞的相關特性。接下來則是討論語意特徵及觀察「乾脆」和動貌標誌、否定詞的搭配及常常與「乾脆」共同出現的搭配詞，討論它們與此副詞的語意一致性，並統整出「乾脆」的語意不僅包含說話者導向與主觀性，還有可以和表示完成動貌標誌與表意志或意願動詞共現，但卻不能與表經驗的動貌標誌合用，也無法出現於情態動詞之前，這些結果更凸顯了出現在與此副詞共現語句裡的時態及動詞特性。最後，根據語用理論，包含語言行為和禮貌現象，去分析「乾脆」所出現的語言行為種類並歸類它的語用功能，發現它可以出現在表達指引或抒發的語行環境裡，因此，歸納出它的三種語用功能，包含表達堅決斷言、提出建議和傳達反諷語氣，此外，本文也觀察它的上下文語境結構，它可以被使用在表示因果句、條件句或是表連續句式的語境裡面。最後，根據補語詞層次之下所包含的施為語勢及句型，描述它在間接語言行為中所呈現出的諷刺語氣，這種諷刺語氣可以出現在三種不同的句型裡，本文認為表達此諷刺語氣和句型裡的修辭特徵極為相關，這也是態度副詞裡重要的特性之一。本篇所依據的語料搜集來自於中研院現代漢語平衡語料庫及口說會話語料，會話語料包含電視節目、日常生活對話與YouTube影片。

In English, auxiliaries or adverbs can influence the interpretation of entire sentences, and adverbs in Mandarin Chinese have the same property as well. Previous researchers have emphasized the analysis of the modals, such as the modal adverbs and epistemic modality, when discussing the adverbs that occur in Mandarin Chinese. However, different from previous approaches, the exploration in this study is on the adverb as well, but the main bases are adverb features, attitudes and the illocutionary force. This study takes the adverb gan1cui4
乾脆 ‘simply’ as an example and finds that this adverb is actually interrelated with attitudes. It makes up for the gaps of the analysis based on the modals, and in this work, this adverb is considered to be one of the attitude adverbs.
The goal of this study is to investigate the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic use of the adverb gan1cui4 乾脆. Firstly, the positions, the sentence types and the attitudes analysis of gan1cui4 乾脆 are discussed. It is found that in addition to the medial position in the sentence where it appears, it also usually occurs in the initial position. This adverb can be used in declaratives, imperatives and rhetorical interrogatives. Overall, based on gan1cui4 乾脆, the features of an attitude adverb are also described in this study. Secondly, a semantic analysis and a collocational perspective of gan1cui4 乾脆, including the aspects, the negation and other co-occurrences of words are also provided. This work explores the semantic concord between the co-occurrence and this adverb and suggests that its semantic features not only include speaker-oriented features and subjectivity but also co-occur with the perfective or future aspect and negation. It also appears with volitional verbs, but it cannot be used with the experiential aspect marker and cannot occur in front of modal verbs. The results provide more representation of the verb features in sentences with gan1cui4 乾脆. Thirdly, based on pragmatic theories, including speech acts and politeness, the kinds of the speech acts that gan1cui4 乾脆 may occur with and the pragmatic functions of gan1cui4 乾脆 in a specific context are categorized. As a result, this adverb is shown in the speech acts of both directives and expressives. Therefore, its three pragmatic functions are classified as making resolute affirmations, making suggestions and making irony. In addition, this study further discusses the prior context that this adverb occurs in. It can appear in causal, conditional and sequential types of antecedent-consequent structures. Finally, according to the illocutionary force and the clause type in the Split-CP, this study also describes an attitude of irony that gan1cui4 乾脆 expresses in indirect speech. This special use can be represented through the three different sentence types. The study suggests that an attitude of irony in this adverb is closely related to the rhetorical feature of sentence types that is an important feature of the attitude adverbs as well. The data in the study are collected mainly from the Academia Sinica Corpus and conversational data. Most notably, for the pragmatic analysis, the conversational data includes TV dramas or shows, daily conversations and YouTube videos.

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Websites
Sinica Corpus: http://asbc.iis.sinica.edu.tw/
教育部重編國語辭典(the Online Mandarin Chinese dictionary from the Ministry of Education): http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cbdic/
教育部臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典(the Online Taiwanese Southern Min dictionary of words in common use from the Ministry of Education): http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/index.html