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研究生： 胡鑫
Mir, Mujtaba Hussain
論文名稱： 再生細粒料粒徑與膠凝材與骨料比對於超高性能混凝土性質之影響
Influence of Recycled Fine Aggregate Particle Size and Binder to Aggregate Ratio on the Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
指導教授： 洪崇展
Hung, Chung-Chan
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年： 2026
畢業學年度： 114
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 177
中文關鍵詞： 超高性能混凝土(UHPC) 、再生細粒料(RFA) 、力學性質 、耐久性 、膠沙比 、水膠比 、界面轉換區(ITZ)
外文關鍵詞： Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC), Recycled Fine Aggregate (RFA), Mechanical Properties, Durability, Binder-to-Aggregate Ratio, Water-to-Binder Ratio, Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)
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    • 超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance concrete, UHPC)是一種新興建築材料。此材料以其卓越的力學性能而聞名，例如低滲透性、高耐久性與超過 120 MPa 之超高抗壓 強度。由於這些特性，UHPC 非常適合用於高樓建築、橋樑、海洋工程等重要基礎 設施項目。然而，生產UHPC會消耗大量資源，例如用作細粒料之天然河砂，這使得 環境因此惡化、棲息遭到破壞並增加碳排放。所幸的是，研究人員發現，從營建廢 棄物中提取再生細系料(Recycled Fine Aggregate, RFA)是能夠解決UHPC永續問題的解 決方案。RFA不僅減少了對天然資源的需求，也促進廢棄物之再利用，符合循環經 濟原則。儘管 RFA 具有環境效益，但由於其孔隙率高、密度低和界面轉換區 (Interfacial Tramsition Zone, ITZ) 較脆弱，這使得UHPC結合RFA面臨了挑戰，包含力學 性能以及耐久性之不利影響。

    本研究探討了在UHPC中添加RFA之可行性，主要透過RFA取代至多40%的天然細粒 料，並維持膠結材之用量，以進行分析。本研究將膠沙比對於UHPC之影響作為一研 究重點，具體採用了 1:1.3 和 1:0.9 兩種比率。此外，本研究採用了兩種不同粒徑範圍 的RFA：分別為1.18至2.36 mm、小於1.18 mm。透過不同粒徑分布，以分析 RFA粒徑 對於UHPC力學性質和耐久性之影響。在本研究中，所有試體均採用相同的水膠比，使得試體間之差異皆能歸於再生細粒料的用量以及膠結材-細粒料的相互作用。本研 究亦仔細調查這些因素，旨在找到UHPC使用RFA之最佳方式，於強度、耐久性和永 續性之間取得適當平衡，讓UHPC能夠於促進環保、高性能下，不失其品質。

    總而言之，儘管將RFA添加進UHPC仍面臨一些挑戰，但它為減少建築材料對環境的 影響提供了長期選擇。研究人員和工程師可以應用現代技術來克服RFA的局限性，從而創造出滿足結構和永續性標準的UHPC。本研究之評估結果強調了需在該領域加 強研究和創新的必要性，同時也展示了RFA 在推動建築業邁向更永續未來的潛力。

    Ultra-high performance Concrete (UHPC) is a modern building material renowned for its remarkable mechanical qualities, such as low permeability, great durability, and compressive strengths surpassing 120 MPa. Because of these qualities, UHPC is perfect for essential infrastructure projects like high-rise buildings, bridges, and maritime constructions. However, UHPC production is resource-intensive, relying mainly on natural fine aggregates such as river sand, which leads to environmental deterioration, habitat destruction, and higher carbon emissions. Researchers have identified Recycled Fine Aggregate (RFA) from construction and demolition debris as a sustainable solution to tackle sustainability concerns. RFA not only reduces the demand for natural resources but also promotes the reuse of waste materials, aligning with circular economic principles. Despite its environmental benefits, the incorporation of RFA in UHPC presents technical challenges due to its higher porosity, lower density, and weaker interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which can adversely affect the mechanical and durability properties of UHPC.

    This research investigates the incorporation of RFA in ultra-high performance concrete by replacing up to 40% of silica sand with RFA, while maintaining a constant amount of cementitious materials throughout the study. The study explores the influence of binder-to-aggregate ratios on the performance of UHPC, specifically using two ratios, 1:1.3 and 1:0.9, to evaluate how the proportion of binder affects the properties of UHPC when RFA is introduced. Additionally, the research utilizes two different size fractions of RFA: one with particles ranging from 1.18 mm to 2.36 mm, and the other with particles less than 1.18 mm, to analyze the impact of RFA particle size on the mechanical and durability properties of UHPC. In this research, the water-to-binder ratio is same across all mixes. This way, any changes we observe will be directly linked to the amount of recycled fine aggregate and how the binder interacts with the aggregates. By carefully adjusting these factors, we aim to find the best way to use RFA in ultra-high-performance concrete, striking the right balance between strength, durability, and sustainability. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the development of eco-friendly, high-performance concrete that doesn't compromise on quality.

    In conclusion, RFA offers a long-term option for reducing the environmental impact of building materials, even though integrating it into UHPC presents certain challenges. Researchers and engineers can create UHPC that satisfies structural and sustainability standards by applying contemporary techniques to overcome the limitations of RFA. This assessment emphasizes the need for greater research and innovation in this area while showcasing RFA's potential to move the construction sector closer to a more sustainable future.

    ABSTRACT iii 摘要 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF FIGURES xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Objectives, Purposes, and Outputs 2 1.3 Research Method and Process 3 1.4 Research Scopes and Limitations 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) 7 2.2 Constituting Materials of UHPC 9 2.2.1 Fine Aggregate 9 2.2.2 Cement 12 2.2.3 Silica Fume (SF) 12 2.2.4 Metakaolin 13 2.2.5 Limestone Powder (LS) 14 2.2.6 Water 14 2.2.7 Superplasticizer (SP) 15 2.2.8 Steel Fiber 15 2.3 Fresh properties of UHPC with RFA 17 2.3.1 Workability 17 2.4 Mechanical and Durability Properties of UHPC with RFA 19 2.4.1 Compressive Strength 19 2.4.2 Direct Tensile Strength 22 2.4.3 Drying Shrinkage 25 2.5 Microstructural Properties of UHPC with RFA 27 2.5.1 Porosity 27 2.5.2 SEM Analysis 29 2.6 Literature Review Summary 32 Chapter 3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Materials 37 3.3 Experimental Parameters 39 3.3.1 Mix Design Parameters 39 3.3.2 RFA Parameters 42 3.4 Nomenclature ID 44 3.5 Specimen Fabrication 44 3.6 Test Parameters 47 3.6.1 Flow 47 3.6.2 Compressive Test 48 3.6.3 Direct Tensile Test 50 3.6.4 Drying Shrinkage 52 3.6.4 Porosity Test 52 3.6.5 SEM Analysis 53 3.6.6 X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) Scan 55 3.6.7 Environmental Efficiency 57 CHAPTER 4 INFLUENCE OF BINDER TO AGGREGATE RATIO 1:1.3 ON THE PROPERTIES OF UHPC INCORPORATING RFA 59 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Flowability 59 4.3 Compressive Strength 61 4.4 Failure Mode 63 4.5 Modulus of Elasticity 64 4.6 Direct Tensile Strength 66 4.7 Failure Mode 70 4.8 Energy Absorption 74 4.9 Drying Shrinkage 77 4.10 Porosity 78 4.10.1 Influence of Porosity on Compressive Strength and Tensile Strength 79 4.11 CT-Scan Porosity 81 4.12 SEM 85 4.13 Environmental Efficiency 87 CHAPTER 5 INFLUENCE OF BINDER TO AGGREGATE RATIO 1:0.9 ON THE PROPERTIES OF UHPC INCORPORATING RFA 91 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Flowability 91 5.3Compressive Strength 92 5.4 Failure Mode 94 5.5 Modulus of Elasticity 96 5.6 Direct Tensile Strength 97 5.7 Failure Mode 100 5.8 Energy Absorption 103 5.9 Drying Shrinkage 104 5.10 Porosity 106 5.10.1 Influence of Porosity on Compressive Strength and Tensile Strength 107 5.11 CT-Scan Porosity 107 5.12 SEM 111 5.13 Environmental Efficiency 113 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 116 SUGGESTIONS 119 REFERENCES 120 APPENDIX A FLOW RESULTS 127 APPENDIX B COMPRESSIVE TEST RESULTS 128 APPENDIX C TENSILE TEST RESULTS 133 APPENDIX D DRYING SHRINKAGE 138 APPENDIX E POROSITY TEST RESULTS 140 APPENDIX F MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 143 APPENDIX G CT-SCAN POROSITY RESULTS 161

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